Synthesis, applications, toxicity and toxicity mechanisms of silver nanoparticles: A review

Toxic Effects of Biogenic and Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Sea UrchinEchinometra lucunterEmbryos

“…The free ions of Ag compete with sodium for the connection sites of the enzyme Na + /K + -ATPase, which is important for capturing and transporting Na + and Cl - from water to invertebrate extracellular fluids, causing insufficient osmoregulation and death (Ribeiro et al, 2014). Ag ions may interact with cellular components, altering metabolic routes and genetic material (Nie et al, 2023), interfering with the immune system, and causing enzyme inactivation and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane (Vali et al, 2022).…”

“…The most widely recognized applicability of AgNPs is associated with their antimicrobial activity (Ahmed et al ., 2024). The mechanism is not completely understood but AgNPs tend to accumulate on biological membranes, forming agglomerates and affecting the cell respiratory chain and phosphate transport, leading to cell death (Nie et al ., 2023). These nanomaterials have been found in industrial and domestic effluents and can reach the environment.…”

Fractionation and preconcentration of silver nanoparticles at environmentally relevant concentrations through induced eco-corona formation and spICP-MS characterization

“…5 Silver NPs (AgNPs) present optical, electrical, and thermal properties 6 but are mainly applied due to their antibacterial characteristic. 6,7 Cotton fabrics, food packaging, medical products and devices, 8 cosmetics, toys, paints, and electronic devices, 1,7 are some of the main applications for AgNPs. Nonetheless, the production, utilisation, and final disposal of such products raise concerns about the release of AgNPs into the environment since their behaviour and interactions can present toxic effects to different organisms.…”

Electron Beam-Supported Fabrication of Biocompatible Silver/iota-Carrageenan for Wound Healing Application

“…More than 650 different pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi are sensitive to AgNPs, and some types of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics develop resistance more slowly when AgNPs act as a reservoir for silver ions. , Silver NPs have emerged as a potential method for battling bacterial resistance with several products intended to treat both acute and persistent wounds by utilizing the antibacterial activity of silver ions . Only a small number of dressings are based on AgNPs, even though many of them claim to be able to keep wounds moist, avoid infection, keep skin in contact with the dressing, and be biocompatible and less-toxic. , New research suggests that AgNPs can reduce inflammation and hasten wound healing, in addition to killing germs. Wound infections caused by bacteria and extended inflammatory reactions are typical causes of slower-than-expected wound healing .…”