Synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of β-cyclodextrin diclofenac sodiu undecahydrate, a β-CD complex with a unique crystal packing arrangement

Abstract

The title complex crystallizes in the hexagonal system forming infinite helical host channels residing on crystal log rap h ic screw hexads.

The Determination of Non-covalent Complexes of Diclofenac Sodium and Cyclodextrins by Electrospray Ionization/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

“…[7,15,28] The same result can be found in our experiment from the Table 2, the intensity of the complex 2:1 is always higher than that of the complex 1:1 even the other form in all the experiments except the No. To the best of our knowledge the answer is surely no.…”

“…The resulting CD inclusion complexes with drugs are widespread application in the pharmaceutical industry as the complexes can improve solubility, stability, and bioavailability of the guest molecules. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However these applications are probably limited when the guest is less soluble or insoluble in water, such as sodium {2-[(2,6-dichlorophenyl) amino] phenyl} acetate (diclofenac sodium, DS) which we discussed in this article. When a guest molecule is bulky or long relative to the dimensions of CD cavity, two CD molecules are frequently bound to a single guest molecule to form a 2:1 CD-guest non-covalent complex.…”

Cyclodextrin complexes of salts of acidic drugs. Thermodynamic properties, structural features, and pharmaceutical applications

“…A significant enhancement of intramuscular (IM) and intravenous (iv) pharmacokinetics was also observed for a 25‐mg/mL solution of the DC:Na:HPβCD complex relative to the reference formulation 36. CDs complexes of DCNa have been studied both in solid state37–39 and in solution 40–43. Cwiertnia et al37 found the βCD inclusion complex more thermally stable than DCNa alone.…”

“…Cwiertnia et al37 found the βCD inclusion complex more thermally stable than DCNa alone. Caira et al38 reported that the inclusion of DCNa (and meclofenamic sodium salt) occurs by insertion of the phenyl acetate moiety from primary hydroxyl side. They also provide detailed information on the sodium ion location in the crystal lattice.…”

Crystal and molecular structure of β‐cyclodextrins functionalized with the anti‐inflammatory drug Etodolac

“…In this context, the synthesis of new anti-inflammatory drugs have been addressed not only to increase the COX selectivity, but also to improve their efficacy by means of delivery systems able to guarantee a slow release. In relation to the interest for this class of anti-inflammatory drugs, numerous inclusion complexes of cyclodextrin with NSAIDs (ibuprofen, 15 ketoprofen, 16 indomethacin, 17 diclofenac, 18 naproxen, 19 nimesulide, 20 etodolac, 21 and piroxicam 22 ) have been synthesized, characterized and studied under the pharmacological profile and some of these are available commercially.…”