Synthesis and Thermal Degradation Studies of Melamine Formaldehyde Resins

Ullah, Sami; Bustam, Mohammad Azmi; Nadeem, Muhammad; Naz, Muhammad Yasin; Tan, Weimin; Shariff, Azmi Mohd

doi:10.1155/2014/940502

Cited by 50 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The decomposition of the polymer aerogel has two major steps, the first step begins at 150 °C, where mostly the species belonging to 26 (C2H2 + ), 30 (C2H6 + , NO + ) and 58 (C3H6O) m/z can be detected, the sources of these are the residue acetone solvent and the unreacted monomers. The second step begins at around 300 °C, in agreement with data in the literature, where the ion current of the 30, 44 (C3H8 + , CO2 + , N2O + ) and 46 (C2H5OH + , NO2 + ) m/z species increase, which come from the decomposing polymer framework and the functional groups [18,25,26]. In this region, the DTA curve of the polymer aerogel shows a small endothermic peak at 472.7 °C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Preparation and characterization of a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon aerogel and its polymer precursor

Bakoš

Mensah

László

et al. 2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Nitrogen containing carbon aerogel was prepared from resorcinol-melamine-formaldehyde (R-M-F) polymer gel precursor. The polymer gel was supercritically dried with CO2, and the carbonization of the resulting polymer aerogel under nitrogen atmosphere at 900 °C yielded the carbon aerogel. The polymer and carbon aerogels were characterized with TG/DTA-MS, low temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption (-196 °C), FTIR, Raman, powder XRD and SEM-EDX techniques. The thermal decomposition of the polymer aerogel had two major steps. The first step was at 150 °C, where the unreacted monomers and the residual solvent were released, and the second one at 300 °C, where the species belonging to the polymer network decomposition could be detected. The pyrolytic conversion of the polymer aerogel was successful, as 0.89 atomic% nitrogen was retained in the carbon matrix. The nitrogen doped carbon aerogel was amorphous and possessed a hierarchical porous structure. It had a significant specific surface area (890 m 2 g -1 ) and pore volume (4.7 cm 3 g -1 ). TG/DTA-MS measurement revealed that during storage in ambient conditions surface functional groups formed, which were released upon annealing.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 88%

Preparation and characterization of a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon aerogel and its polymer precursor

Bakoš

Mensah

László

et al. 2018

J Therm Anal Calorim

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“…The second peak corresponding to the decomposition of the polymeric shell occurs in the 280 to 400 o C range for PCM-M, which is similar to that reported in [33,38] for polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) encapsulated paraffins. For PCM-E, the decomposition temperature of the shell is in the range of 320 to 450 o C, which corresponds to melamine formaldehyde (MF) which has a decomposition temperature around 300-450°C [39,40]. It has been reported that a higher degree of cross-linking in the polymeric microcapsule results in its thermal degradation shifting to higher temperatures [40].…”

Section: Characterization Of the Microencapsulated Pcmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) characteristics on the microstructure and strength of cementitious composites: Experiments and finite element simulations

Aguayo

Das

Maroli

et al. 2016

Cement and Concrete Composites

144

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Phase Change Materials (PCMs) incorporated into cementitious systems have been well-studied with respect to energy efficiency of building envelopes. New applications of PCMs in infrastructural concrete, e.g., for mitigating early-age cracking and freeze-and-thaw induced damage, have been proposed. Hence this paper develops a detailed understanding of the characteristics of cementitious systems containing two different microencapsulated PCMs. The PCMs are evaluated using thermal analysis, vibrational (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electron microscopy, and their dispersion in cement pastes is quantified using X-ray Computed Microtomography (µCT). The influences of PCMs on cement hydration and pore structure are evaluated. The compressive strength of mortars containing PCMs is noted to be strongly dependent on the encapsulation properties. Finite element simulations carried out on cementitious microstructures are used to assess the influence of interface properties and inter-inclusion interactions.The outcomes provide insights on methods to tailor the component phase properties and PCM volume fraction so as to achieve desirable performance.

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“…Its decomposition occurs in the temperature range of 280 C-370 C through the release of ammonia, carbon dioxide and thermally stable condensates (melam, melem and melom), which is revealed by endothermic effects on the curve. 1,17,[40][41][42][43][44] In the analyzed case ( Figure 5), the first exothermic peak at about 245 C is most probably associated with the first stage of melamine decomposition to amine and formaldehyde. The next peaks result from the overlapping of subsequent stages of melamine decomposition with changes occurring in epoxy resin.…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The peak at about 400 C corresponds to the changes associated with polymerization and cross-linking of resin and is reduced by about 15 C relative to the DSC curve for the pure resin, while the total decomposition occurs at a temperature higher by about 20 C relative to the epoxy resin without additives. [40][41][42][43][44]…”

Section: F I G U R Ementioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of ceramic additives on intumescence and thermal activity of epoxy coatings for steel

Mastalska‐Popławska

Kadac²,

Izak

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The article presents results of the research on the influence of graphite/kaolin and graphite/titanium oxide systems on thermal properties, intumescence degree and the integrity of the structure of intumescent protective films based on epoxy resins for steel. The TG/DTG/DSC analysis showed that graphite/kaolin system shifted the decomposition reaction of epoxy resin towards higher temperatures, even by about 30 C. Fire endurance tests and the SEM analysis confirmed these results because more thermally resistant (T 500 C reached after 37.5 min for 1.1 coating thickness), swollen (about 20 times) and homogeneous coatings were obtained. The presented results suggest that ceramic fire retardants can successfully cooperate with organic components in intumescent protective coatings for steel elements.

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Synthesis and Thermal Degradation Studies of Melamine Formaldehyde Resins

Cited by 50 publications

References 32 publications

Preparation and characterization of a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon aerogel and its polymer precursor

Preparation and characterization of a nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon aerogel and its polymer precursor

The influence of microencapsulated phase change material (PCM) characteristics on the microstructure and strength of cementitious composites: Experiments and finite element simulations

The influence of ceramic additives on intumescence and thermal activity of epoxy coatings for steel

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