Synthesis and structure–Activity relationship studies of cinnamic acid-based novel thiazolidinedione antihyperglycemic agents

Effects of cassia oil on serum and hepatic uric acid levels in oxonate-induced mice and xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase activities in mouse liver

“…The transport abnormalities were reversed by correction of blood sugar levels (Gonzalez-Sicilia et al, 1997). Interestingly, cinnamon extract and its cinnamaldehyde metabolite have been shown to potentiate the insulin effect through upregulation of the glucose uptake in vivo (Neogi et al, 2003;Arlt et al, 2004;Qin et al, 2003Qin et al, , 2004 and were found to be beneficial against diabetic condition (Onderoglu et al, 1999;Lee et al, 2002). It is likely that cassia oil reduces the uric acid level and alters the extracellular glucose concentration, which interacts with urate transporter/channels in systemic cells and the renal proximal tubule, and thereby exerts a regulatory effect on the channel activity of UAT.…”

Targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors Using Thiazolidinediones: Strategy for Design of Novel Antidiabetic Drugs

“…This molecule would not be able to interact with whole of P3 and P4 due to its short linker. Styryl derivative of thiazolidinedione (29) produced a comparable PPAR γ agonistic activity with better antihyperglycemic effect [101]. Thiazolidinedione analogue (30) containing a lengthy L2 having five atoms and a diphenyloxy hydrophobic tail interestingly behaved as a dual agonist of PPAR α / γ with considerable insulin sensitizing effect [102].…”

“…Besides their use in type 2 diabetes, hybrid molecules with various functionalities were also effective to treat obesity, vascular restenosis, and inflammatory conditions of the skin. Several other hybrid compounds have been reported with antimalignant and anti-inflammatory properties along with hypoglycemic activity [101, 120]. Compound (45) is a hybrid of a novel thiazolidinedione analogue with phenylalanine showing extra hydrogen bond interactions through its polar amino acid head substituted on the ring nitrogen of acidic TZD.…”

Design, synthesis, and antifungal activity of novel cinnamon–pyrazole carboxamide derivatives

“…However, cinnamic acid and its derivatives are widely used in food (Naczk & Shahidi, 2004), fragrance material (Letizia, Cocchiara, Lapczynski, Lalko, & Api, 2005), cosmetics, and drugs (Khan & Rathod, 2015). It is also the main scaffold of some clinical drugs such as cinepazide (Zhao et al, 2014), tranilast (Darakhshan & Pour, 2015), and ilepcimide (Xiao, Yan, Chen, & Zhou, 2015;Neogi et al, 2003;Qian et al, 2010). It is also applied to be a lead molecule or starting material in some medicinal chemistry studies (Carvalho, Da, de Souza, Lourenço, & Vicente, 2008;Gao et al, 2018;Li et al, 2011).…”