The syntheses and structural characterisations of a number of 2-arsa-and 2-stiba-1,3-dionato complexes of main group elements are reported. The synthetic methods that were employed in this study include the reaction of lithium heterodionate complexes, [Li{Z 2 -O,O-OC(R)EC(R)O}], E ¼ As or Sb, R ¼ alkyl or aryl, with main group metal halides or the reactions of arsa-and stiba-enols, O=C(R)E=C(R)OH, with either main group alkyl or amide complexes. The hetero-ligands in the prepared complexes have been shown by X-ray crystallographic studies to coordinate the main group metal centre in several modes, that is, in a delocalised form (Z 2 -O,O coordination) as in [{M[Z 2 -O,O-OC(R)EC(R)O](L)} 2 ], M ¼ Li or Na, E ¼ As or Sb, R ¼ Ad (adamantyl) or Ph, L ¼ Et 2 O or DME; [Na{Z 2 -O,O-OC(Mes*)EC(Mes*)O}(DME) 2 ], E ¼ As or Sb, Mes* ¼ C 6 H 2 Bu t 3 -2,4,6, and [Mg{Z 2 -O,O-OC(Ph)AsC(Ph)O} 2 (DME)]; in a localised diacylpnictido form (Z 1 -E coordination) as in P[As{C(O)R} 2 ] 3 , R ¼ But or Ph; or as a combination of the two modes (Z 1 -E-: Z 2 -O,O-) as in [LiCl(Et 2 O)(DME){Z 2 -O,O-Cl 3 InAs[C(O)R] 2 }].