“…Poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PVP) is a linear polymer with pendant pyridine groups that can be used in a variety of applications, such as surface modification, by immobilizing atoms or particles, electrochemical sensors [ 20 ], fabrication of antibacterial surfaces, development of pH sensitive systems, 3D molecular level ordering systems, anti-corrosive coatings and even dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and light-emitting diodes [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Positively charged polypyridines constitute a unique class of compounds in which quaternization enables the introduction of permanent positive charges into the backbone, resulting in electron delocalization phenomena that are attributed to the existence of electron-rich pyridines and electron-poor pyridiniums [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ].…”