Synthesis and property of polymer nanospheres with Pd/P4VP shells via surface RAFT polymerization

Abstract

Abstract.A reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agent with carbazole as Z-group was immobilized on the surfaces of the cross-linked poly (4-vinylbenzyl chloride-co-styrene) (PVBCS) nanospheres with a diameter of about 70 nm by the reaction of benzyl chloride groups in the PVBCS between carbazole and carbon sulfide. Then surface RAFT polymerization of 4-vinylpyridine (4VP) was used to modify the nanospheres to produce a well-defined and covalently tethered P4VP shell. By surface activation in a PdCl2 solution and then reduction by hydrazine hydrate (N2H4·H2O), the P4VP composite shells were obtained containing densely palladium metal nanoparticles. The chemical composition of the nanosphere surfaces at various stages of the surface modification was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize the morphology of the hybrid nanospheres. The Pd/P4VP shell nanospheres were also applied to the catalytic reaction and proved to be efficient and reusable for the Heck reaction.

Preparation of core–shell attapulgite particles by redox-initiated surface reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization via a “graft from” approach

“…and C] O, respectively. [50][51][52] All these results are the best evidence to conrm the successfully preparation of ATP@PMMA hybrids via SI-RAFT.…”

Synthesis of poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymers by a combination of cobalt-mediated radical polymerization and RAFT polymerization and their use in dispersion polymerization under UV radiation

“…The PSt particles show many bundles of PVAc-b-P4VP chains anchored to the surface of the PSt particles. As a solid support, P4VP, a typical coordinative polymer, has been widely used to stabilize various catalytic metal nanoparticles, and its block copolymers have been also used as templates for metal nanoparticles [24][25][26][27]. In practice, the hairy PSt particles were used for the preparation of Au nanoparticle-coated polymer particles.…”

Mesoporous-silica-coated palladium-nanocubes as recyclable nanocatalyst in C–C-coupling reaction – a green approach

“…Several studies were already presented in literature to delay that phenomenon using micelle-like-or core-shell-nanostructures as potential nanocatalytic systems. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] However, these surfactants or shells are either potentially harmful for the environment or very step-inefficient to produce. Other approaches used the deposition of small NCs in a mesoporous support which offers a large active surface area.…”