Synthesis and properties of multiheaded and multitailed surfactants based on tripentaerythritol

Abstract

The surface and self-assembly properties of a family of multiheaded, multitailed surfactants based on a tripentaerythritol backbone are described. Critical aggregation concentrations of these unusual surfactant systems have been determined from surface tension measurements; aggregate sizes in the presence and absence of a small amount of added electrolyte have been obtained via dynamic light scattering, and the morphologies of the aggregates were examined from electron microscopy measurements. In general, when compared to conventional ionic and two-headed surfactants (and other recently synthesized pentaerythritol derived surfactants from this group), these multiheaded surfactants exhibited some unusual trends in their aggregation behaviour and interesting aggregate structures in aqueous solution, as a function of alkyl chain length.

Self-assembly mechanism, physicochemical analyses and application performance investigations of branched alkyl glycosides with alcohol ether carboxylic acids of varied epoxide numbers

“…The primary mechanism underlying the formation of this monolayer spherical configuration involves the self-assembly of molecules into a bilayer structure. 23 Subsequently, these bilayers further aggregate, assuming spherical shapes due to electrostatic repulsion between the hydrophilic head groups and hydrophobic interactions among the hydrophobic tail chains. Significantly, the mixed systems of IG/AEC- n H ( n = 5 and 7) at α IG of 0.8 and IG/AEC-9H displayed a more intricate rod-like morphology (Fig.…”

“…AECs, serving as both anionic and nonionic surfactants, not only exhibits excellent compatibility but can also form complexes with various surfactants, showcasing significant synergistic effects. [21][22][23] AECs are multifunctional, and the micellar structure can be controlled by factors such as pH, temperature, and other molecules, 24 making them suitable for applications in enhanced oil recovery and cosmetic formulations.…”

Synthesis and Surface Properties of Piperidinium-Based Herbicidal Ionic Liquids as a Potential Tool for Weed Control

“…In this study, the surface tension of aqueous solutions (γ CMC ) of the analyzed HILs decreased from the value for water (72.8 mN/m) to plateau at a minimum ranging from 32.0 to 39.8 mN/m. Surface tension measurements for HILs are important as an efficient way of obtaining information on the intrinsic energy involved in the interactions between cations and anions. − At constant HIL concentrations, the surface tension increases with the alkyl chain length. The critical surfactant concentration associated with the micellization process is a crucial parameter that can be determined from the surface tension–concentration profile in aqueous solution.…”