Synthesis and Properties of Alkylbetaine Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactants

Abstract

A series of alkylbetaine zwitterionic gemini surfactants, 1,2-bis[N-methyl-N-carboxymethyl-alkylammonium]ethane (C n Ab, n = 8, 10, 12, or 14), were synthesized by alkylation of N,N 0 -dimethylethylenediamine with an alkyl bromide, followed by reaction with sodium 2-bromoacetate. Their solution properties were characterized by surface tension, steady-state fluorescence, and rheological measurements. Surface-tension measurements showed C n Ab had lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) and higher efficiency in lowering the surface tension than their corresponding monomeric surfactants. The logCMC of C n Ab decreased linearly with increasing chain lengths up to 12. Viscosity measurements showed only C 10 Ab could enhance aqueous solution viscosity at high concentrations.

Synthesis and Interfacial Activity of Novel Heterogemini Sulfobetaines in Aqueous Solution

“…Analysis of these data allowed us to conclude that it is impossible to unambiguously state that the minimum value of the area occupied by a single adsorbed molecule increases with increasing elongation of the alkyl chains. The lack of such a relation has been described in the literature for heterogemini sulfobetaines [four kinds of sulfobutane betaines H-(CH 2 ) n N + (CH 3 ) 2 (CH 2 ) 4 SO 3 − with n  = 12, 14, 16, 18] [4] and for a series of alkylbetaine zwitterionic gemini surfactants, 1,2-bis( N -methyl- N -carboxymethyl-alkylammonium)ethane (CnAb, n  = 8, 10, 12, 14) [10]. In addition to the above, there have been no reported relationships between the surface excess at the saturated interface and the length of the alkyl chain for sulfobetaines N , N -dimethyl- N -{2-[ N ′-methyl- N ′-(3-sulfopropyl)alkylammonium]ethyl}-1-alkylammonium bromides [2C( n )AmSb, with n  = 8, 10, 12, 14] [7].…”

“…Xie and Feng have described the synthesis of homogemini zwitterionic surfactants containing carbobetaine groups in their structure. These compounds show lower critical micelle concentration (CMC) than the corresponding monomeric surfactants [10]. Also Yoshimura et al [2] have focused on homogemini surfactants with two identical zwitterionic headgroups like sulfobetaines.…”

Unusual pH-regulated surface adsorption and aggregation behavior of a series of asymmetric gemini amino-acid surfactants

“…1,2 Every day and year, the amount of industrial usage and domestic sewage is huge, which causes environment and sustainable utilization problems. 6 A considerable number of investigations have been reported on the surface activity and aggregation behaviors of gemini surfactants, differing in spacer groups, 7 hydrophobic chains, 8,9 and polar groups. Gemini surfactants, consisting of two monomeric surfactants connected with a spacer, have been proven to be greatly superior to the conventional single-chain surfactant for many properties such as lower critical micelle concentration (cmc) and better wetting, foaming, and dispersion properties.…”

CO2/N2 Triggered Switchable Surfactants with Imidazole Group

“…It was noteworthy that the CMC values of the alkylimidazolium bicarbonates surfactants were smaller by one order of magnitude while the carbon number of hydrophobic chain increases from 10 to 12. This performance indicates that the surfactants could orient themselves to cause superior surface activity when they absorbed strongly at the air/water interface [30]. The ascending order of c CMC , C m and A min values were…”