Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Thiophene‐Based Conducting Copolymer with Mesogenic Groups Attached Parallel to the Polymer Backbone

Brown, John W.; Lambe, Gillian J.; Foot, P.J.S.; Clipson, Jacqueline A.

doi:10.1002/marc.200400035

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Specifi cally, liquid crystalline (LC) polythiophene derivatives showing unique electrical and optical properties have been synthesized by transferring mesogenic units in the side chain or long alkyl groups to the polymer backbone. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] For example, a polythiophene derivative bearing chiral LC mesogenic units and a fl uorine-containing asymmetric moiety showed ferroelectric behavior, whereas a polythiophene having 4-n -hexyloxy-2-hydroxybenzoate showed improved electric conductivity. [ 13 , 15 ] Previously, we reported that polythiophene derivatives having amphiphilic decyl-tri(oxyethylene) side groups could be used as a template for the formation of gold nanowire networks because of the amphiphilic liquid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystalline Polythiophenes With Amphiphilic Side Chains

Yoon

Chung

et al. 2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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character of the resulting polymer. [ 19 ] Here, we found that polythiophene derivatives having amphiphilic decyl-oligo(oxyethylene) side groups but no mesogenic units show unique LC behavior when the number of oxyethylene units is three or four. However, no LC phase was observed when the number of oxyethylene units was one or two. The formation of LC phase by polythiophene derivatives having decyl-tri(oxyethylene) or decyl-tetra(oxyethylene) is ascribed to phase separation between the hydrophilic oxyethylene region and hydrophobic decyl groups. The detailed synthesis and characterization of the polythiophene derivatives having amphiphilic decyl-oligo(oxyethylene) side groups are reported in this manuscript. Experimental Section MaterialsN,N -Dimethylacetamide (DMAc) was dried over a mole cular sieve (4 Å), whereas chloroform (CHCl 3 ) was dried over CaH 2 for 24 h under nitrogen atmosphere followed by distillation. Tri(ethylene glycol), 1-bromodecane, sodium hydride (NaH), 3-bromothiophene, iron(III) chloride, Copper(I) bromide (CuBr), and ammonium hydroxide (NH 4 OH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich A series of poly(thiophene) derivatives with decyl-oligo(oxyethylene) side groups, (PD n ET) is synthesized via oxidative coupling polymerization. PD3ET and PD4ET with longer oligo(oxyethylene) units exhibited a liquid crystalline phase with well-ordered lamella structures, although PD3ET showed a more ordered structure than PD4ET. PD1ET and PD2ET have shorter oligo(oxyethylene) groups than PD3ET and show less-ordered structures with liquid-crystalline phase observed. The UV-vis spectra indicated that the maximum absorption wavelengths of PD n ET increase when the number of oxyethylene units increases from 1 to 3; however, the maximum absorption wavelength of PD4ET is lower than that of PD3ET. Therefore, the most ordered and conjugated structures are obtained when the number of oxyethylene units is three.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid Crystalline Polythiophenes With Amphiphilic Side Chains

Yoon

Chung

et al. 2011

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…Polythiophene derivatives have attracted considerable attention because of their unique optoelectronic properties and their usefulness in thin‐film transistors, chemosensors, light‐emitting diodes, electrochemical capacitors, and so on 1–6. Specifically, liquid crystalline (LC) polythiophene derivatives showing unique electrical and optical properties have been synthesized by transferring mesogenic units in the side chain or long alkyl groups to the polymer backbone 7–18. For example, a polythiophene derivative bearing chiral LC mesogenic units and a fluorine‐containing asymmetric moiety showed ferroelectric behavior, whereas a polythiophene having 4‐ n ‐hexyloxy‐2‐hydroxybenzoate showed improved electric conductivity 13, 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specifically, liquid crystalline (LC) polythiophene derivatives showing unique electrical and optical properties have been synthesized by transferring mesogenic units in the side chain or long alkyl groups to the polymer backbone 7–18. For example, a polythiophene derivative bearing chiral LC mesogenic units and a fluorine‐containing asymmetric moiety showed ferroelectric behavior, whereas a polythiophene having 4‐ n ‐hexyloxy‐2‐hydroxybenzoate showed improved electric conductivity 13, 15…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of single chain antibodies to breast cancer stem cells using phage display

Gür

Liu

Shukla

et al. 2009

Biotechnology Progress

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Recent evidence suggests that most malignancies are driven by "cancer stem cells" sharing the signature characteristics of adult stem cells: the ability to self renew and to differentiate. Furthermore these cells are thought to be quiescent, infrequently dividing cells with a natural resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. These studies theorize that therapies, which effectively treat the majority of tumor cells but 'miss' the stem cell population, will fail, while therapies directed at stern cells can potentially eradicate tumors. In breast cancer, researchers have isolated 'breast cancer stem cells' capable of recreating the tumor in vivo and in vitro. Generated new tumors contained both additional numbers of cancer stem cells and diverse mixed populations of cells present in the initial tumor, supporting the intriguing self-renewal and differentiation characteristics. In the present study, an antibody phage library has been used to search for phage displayed-single chain antibodies (scFv) with selective affinity to specific targets on breast cancer stem cells. We demonstrate evidence of two clones binding specifically to a cancer stem cell population isolated from the SUMl59 breast cancer cell line. These clones had selective affinity for cancer stem cells and they were able to select cancer stem cells among a large population of non-stem cancer cells in paraffin-embedded sections. The applicability of these clones to paraffin sections and frozen tissue specimens made them good candidates to be used as diagnostic and prognostic markers in breast cancer patient samples taking into consideration the cancer stern cell concept in tumor biology.

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“…Polymers with n=1 and n=2 had shorter oligo(oxyethylene) groups than PD3ET and formed less-ordered liquid-crystalline structures. Brown et al 26 produced a novel thiophene-based conducting copolymer with mesogenic groups attached parallel to the conducting polymer backbone (Figure 13). They found that, after a non-mesogenic intermediate polymer had been converted into the hydrogen-bonded liquid crystalline polymer, there was a strong increase in the electronic conductivity (from 2.2x10 -5 to 1.4x10 -2 Sm -1 ), due to the self-organising effect of the liquid crystal groups on the polythiophene backbone.…”

Section: Gabaston Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%