Three naturally occurring conjugated aldehydes, (1R)-(−)-myrtenal, (S)-(−)-perillaldehyde,
and β-cyclocitral, were cationically copolymerized with isobutyl
vinyl ether using the EtSO3H/GaCl3 initiating
system in the presence of 1,4-dioxane as an added Lewis base. Alternating
copolymerization proceeded exclusively via 1,2-carbonyl addition of
the aldehydes. In addition, controlled alternating copolymerization
was achieved under appropriate reaction conditions, producing copolymers
with controlled molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.
The relationships between the copolymerization behaviors and the cyclic
side group structures of the aldehydes suggested that conjugated and
bicyclic structures were important factors for controlled alternating
copolymerization. However, too much bulkiness around the carbonyl
group resulted in termination of copolymerization. The resulting alternating
copolymers were stable under neutral and basic conditions. In sharp
contrast, mild acidic conditions degraded the alternating copolymers
almost selectively to conjugated aldehydes with low molecular weights
as nearly single products.