Synthesis and Progress of New Oxygen‐Vacant Electrode Materials for High‐Energy Rechargeable Battery Applications

Abstract

During the last few years, a great amount of oxygen-vacant materials have been synthetized and applied as electrodes for electrochemical storage. The presence of oxygen vacancies leads to an increase in the conductivity and the diffusion coefficient; consequently, the controllable synthesis of oxygen vacancy plays an important role in improving the electrochemical performance, including achieving high specific capacitance, high power density, high energy density, and good cycling stability of the electrode materials for batteries. This review mainly focuses on research progress in the preparation of oxygen-vacant nanostructures and the application of materials with oxygen vacancies in various batteries (such as lithium-ion, lithium-oxygen, and sodium-ion batteries). Challenges related to and opportunities for oxygen-vacant materials are also provided.

The Role of Cation Vacancies in Electrode Materials for Enhanced Electrochemical Energy Storage: Synthesis, Advanced Characterization, and Fundamentals

“…To date, lots of research works have been conducted to understand the correlations between anion vacancies and energy storage. [ 83–85 ] The cation vacancies, another kind of classical defects, are rarely studied in this research field which is probably due to their difficult characterization and scarce suitable host materials with such defects. The rapid development of advanced characterization tools in recent years, however, has partly resolved above‐mentioned technical difficulties.…”

Oxygen Vacancy Diffusion and Condensation in Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials

“…Here, we demonstrate for the first time, the directional nature of microcracking in terms of the dynamic behavior of oxygen vacancies (OVs) . After an electrochemical reaction, the specific orientation of microcracks and the lattice distortion in their vicinity were explicitly observed.…”

Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Mediated Construction of Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich Fe‐Based Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction

“…The excellent electrocatalytic activity of the as‐prepared OV‐Fe‐DES resulted from the following aspects: 1) the porous nanosheets can promote the exposure of electrochemical active sites; 2) the abundant oxygen vacancies in the nanosheets dominate a preferential H 2 O adsorption and increase more active sites around the vacancies; [ 33 ] 3) the synergistic effects of the intrinsic highly active Fe 7 S 8 and the oxygen vacancy‐rich Fe 2 O 3 further boost the electrocatalytic activity.…”

“…In metal oxide catalysts, oxygen vacancy engineering is considered as an efficient strategy to improve the catalytic activity toward OER as oxygen vacancy can greatly improve the conductivity of metal oxides and the adsorption capacity of oxygen‐containing species. [ 32–34 ] Therefore, combining oxygen vacancy‐rich Fe 2 O 3 with other active Fe‐based OER catalysts such as Fe x S y might be a good choice to realize an efficient electrocatalyst toward OER. However, the design of monometallic Fe‐based composite catalyst constructed by oxygen vacancy‐rich Fe 2 O 3 and Fe x S y toward OER was still not reported up to date.…”