Synthesis and physicochemical properties of Di- and trivalent metal-ammonium phosphates

Abstract

Data on the infl uence exerted by the synthesis conditions and by the nature and relative amounts of precursor reagents on the properties of metal-ammonium phosphates, promising as components of fi re-retardant and fi re-extinguishing additives, are summarized and analyzed. The manner in which the solution pH and nature and relative amounts of the reacting metal-, nitrogen-, and phosphorus-containing compounds affect the phase composition, solubility, aggregative state, and fundamental aspects of thermal transformations of products being synthesized on the basis of di-and trivalent metal-ammonium phosphates in a wide temperature range is determined.

The mechanism of action and the synergistic effect of nitrogenand phosphorus-containing fire retardants in fire protection and wood and peat fire suppression

“…), X (6) = (1, -1, 1), X (7) = (1, 1, -1), and X (8) = (1, 1, 1), we performed double observations, the results of which are given in Table 3.…”

“…Using the statistical functions of Excel spreadsheets, we obtained the estimates of the parameters of model ( 4): (7) In the determination of the adequacy of the obtained model observations (7) after the verification of the significance of its coefficients, we found that the model is adequate at the level of significance α = 0.05, and the coefficients at X 12 , X 13 , and X 23 are insignificant at a level of 0.05. If they are not taken into account, model ( 7) becomes very simplified, and it poorly describes the real phenomenological effect of fire-extinguishing efficiency due to a small number of experiments (N = 16), which does not allow us to estimate all of the seven significant coefficients of model (7). Therefore, to obtain more information in the estimation of unknown parameters at each point of the FFE spectrum, we carried out additional experiments to obtain data for y 13 -y 83 (Table 3).…”

“…We synthesized readily available nitrogen-and phosphorus-containing fire retardants-the phosphates of bivalent and trivalent metals and ammonium (MAPs), which are convenient models for determining the reason for their different fire-retardant efficiency. This is caused by a wide range of the physicochemical and thermal properties of MAPs, which depend on the conditions of their synthesis, the nature of the metal-containing and neutralizing agents, and a ratio between them [6,7].…”

Obtaining a complex mineral fertilizer from raw materials of varying degrees of purification from impurities

“…It is often possible to find struvite in the composition of deposits on pipes diverting wastewater from livestock complexes [4]. There are many studies devoted to the methods of obtaining MAP [5,6,7,8]. Methods of obtaining MAP from agro-industrial wastewater have been developed.…”