Synthesis and photopolymerization of novel, highly reactive phosphonated-urea-methacrylates for dental materials

Monomers for adhesive polymers, 17.aSynthesis, photopolymerization and adhesive properties of polymerizable phosphonic acids bearing urea groups

“…The high reactivity of urea monomers was attributed to a 'combination of hydrogen abstraction/chain transfer reactions due to the labile hydrogens and hydrogen bonding imparted to the urea linkage' . [14] The positive impact of hydrogen bonding on the rate of polymerization has already been reported in the literature and was attributed to a preorganization of the monomers, resulting in an increase in the propagation rate as well as to mobility restrictions, which lead to a decrease in the termination rate. [15][16][17][18] Phosphonic acids bearing urea groups have (Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland), and BHT (Sigma-Aldrich, Switzerland) were used in the adhesive formulations and for the photopolymerization studies.…”

“…Avci et al observed a similar phenomenon as they studied the homopolymerization of some urea methacrylates. [14] The ability of the urea group to form hydrogen bonds has been shown to be partially responsible for this high reactivity. This is mainly due to a preorganization of the monomers (increase in the propagation reaction rate constant) as well as to a restriction of the mobility.…”

“…Recently, Avci et al described the synthesis of two monofunctional phosphonated urea methacrylates for dental materials. [14] Photopolymerization investigations have shown that those monomers were more reactive than triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), a crosslinking monomer. Such highly reactive monofunctional methacrylates are therefore potential candidates to replace crosslinking monomers as diluent in some dental formulations.…”

CdS–Oleic Acid Quantum Dots as Long‐Wavelength Photoinitiators in Organic Solvent and Preparation of Luminescent, Colloidal CdS/Polymer Nanocomposites

“…However, there is a very limited amount of work investigating QDs as photoinitiators (PIs) in free radical polymerization reactions. Photopolymerization is widely used in many important processes of everyday life, including dentistry, adhesives, 3D imaging, coatings, paints, and inks . Choice of a PI suitable for the application depends on the working wavelength range, absorbance characteristics, and the mode of radical generation.…”

Relationship Between the Free Radical Polymerization Rates of Methacrylates and the Chemical Properties of their Monomeric Radicals

“…However, they are suitable for areas where photopolymerization is an important tool. For example, the development of reactive monofunctional (meth)acrylates as reactive diluents to increase conversion of multifunctional (meth)acrylates in UV‐curing applications, e.g., dental materials, is an ongoing effort; and the more reactive, the better …”