Synthesis and Phase Characterization of a Double-Tailed Pyrrole-Containing Surfactant:  A Novel Tecton for the Production of Functional Nanostructured Materials

Abstract

A double-tailed polymerizable (pyrrolylalkyl) ammonium amphiphile has been synthesized, and its interfacial properties and aqueous phase behavior have been studied by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The Krafft temperature is about 27 degrees C, and the critical micelle concentration at 40 degrees C is about 1 mM, as obtained from surface tension measurements, potentiometry, and isothermal titration calorimetry. The lyotropic behavior of the surfactant is found to be of a complex nature. At concentrations higher than the micellar (L1) region, two mesophases have been identified: a second isotropic (L2) phase, which is probably micellar but not fully miscible with water, and a lamellar (L(alpha)) phase, showing interesting alignment properties. Small-angle X-ray scattering analysis of the mesophases has been evaluated in terms of a model of spherical micelles, which describes a mutual arrangement by a structure factor derived from a hard-sphere potential (Percus-Yevick, "PY", approach). Interest in the comprehensive phase behavior of the polymerizable surfactant is based on the desire to integrate the system into a composite material to obtain potentially conducting self-assembled hybrid mesostructures.

Phase Behavior and Aggregation in a Catanionic System Dominated by an Anionic Surfactant Containing a Large Rigid Group

“…The polarized optical microscopy images of the middle phase of C 14 ‐the MPA‐Na (31 m m )/CTAB system and the C 14 ‐MPA‐Na (35 m m )/CTAB solution are shown in Figure . The colorful shapes of the maltese crosses can be easily observed.…”

A Pyrrole-Containing Surfactant as a Tecton for Nanocomposite SiO2 Films

“…Surfactant Synthesis and Ion Exchange. The modified synthesis strategy, interfacial properties, and aqueous phase behavior of the double-tailed polymerizable (pyrrolylalkyl) ammonium amphiphile dodecyl-dimethyl-(2-pyrrol-1-yl-ethyl)-ammonium tosylate (DDPAT) have recently been reported …”

“…Here, the surfactant possesses the ability to act as a multipurpose reagent, that is, both a structure-directing agent (i.e., in the inorganic templating process) as well as a reactive tecton to yield functional (i.e., conducting) hybrid materials after reaction. This idea was developed in 2003, with our groups recently continuing investigations into the phase behavior of such pyrrole-based surfactant systems . This follows on other investigations into the use of functional surfactants in hybrid materials from our groups …”

Thermal Behavior of Dodecylpyridinium-Based Surfactant Salts with Varied Anionic Constituent

“…The design of new materials, especially nanomaterials based on self-organization procedure has been one of the main focus in the field of supramolecular chemistry. 2 There is a multitude of interesting structures including micelles with different sizes and shapes, 3 bilayer vesicles 4,5 and liquid-crystalline mesophases 6 that are formed during interactions of amphiphiles. Previous studies have also reported formation of ribbons, 7,8 disks, 9 and gel-like crystalline mesophases that are used to template materials in both aqueous and/or nonaqueous domains.…”