Synthesis and Performance of Glycerol Ester-Based Nonionic Surfactants

Kandeel, E. M.

doi:10.1080/01932691.2011.590418

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This may be due to strong hydrophobic interaction among four hydrophobic chains in the same molecule, which also demonstrates that the synthesized surfactants have an excellent ability of the micelle formation in comparison with the monomeric or dimeric surfactants. These results are accordance with those obtained from star-like cationic trimeric surfactants reported by Liu et al 39 The minimum surface area (A min ) and the surface excess concentration (G max ) could be calculated by the Gibbs adsorption equation as follows, 40 and the calculated results were given in Table 1.…”

Section: Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 88%

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The adsorption and aggregation properties of dendritic cationic tetrameric surfactants

Xie

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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Section: Characterizationsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The minimum surface area ( A min ) and the surface excess concentration ( Γ max ) could be calculated by the Gibbs adsorption equation as follows, 40 and the calculated results were given in Table 1 . where, R = 8.314 J mol −1 K −1 , T = 298.15 K, N A = 6.02 × 10 23 mol −1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The adsorption and aggregation properties of dendritic cationic tetrameric surfactants

Xie

et al. 2018

RSC Adv.

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“…Also, glycerol can be used in demulsification water in oil emulsion in small dosage, which make it very economical in comparison to ionic surfactant, as well as contributing low toxicity to the environment [27]. By comparing Glycerol with other non-ionic surfactants, such as octyl phenol 9-10 ethylene oxide, it is as valuable as any other non-ionic surfactant and has a good surface activity [28]. The non-ionic surfactant is characterised by its capability of dispersing in water and its ability to form micelles in water; its thermal stability and its higher density lends well as a surface active agent in emulsion [29,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Separation Emulsion via Non-Ionic Surfactant: An Optimization

2019

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Achieving emulsion stability in the petroleum industry is a major challenge due to several problems encountered in the oil refining process, such as corrosion in equipment, high-pressure drops in pipelines, and catalyst poisoning in upstream facilities. Thus, several methods are applied for emulsion treatment and chemical treatment using surface-active agents, a fundamental method in the petroleum industry. The present work investigated the performance of a non-ionic surfactant in separating water in a crude oil emulsion via the bottle test technique. Then, a Fractional Factorial Design (2 K−1 ) was used to characterise the effect of significant variables. In particular, a Pareto chart was employed and factors such as demulsifier dosage, toluene concentration, pressure, sitting time, and temperature were investigated. Accordingly, the parameters applied were further analysed using a Central Composite Design (CCD) based on the Response Surface Method (RSM). The experimental results based on analysis of Variance (ANOVA) show that demulsifier dosage, temperature, and sedimentation times were the main variables affecting the dehydration process, with the highest F-values being 564.74, 94.53 and 78.65 respectively. The increase in the surfactant dosage before critical concentration, temperature and sitting time leads to boosting dehydration efficiency. In addition, a mathematical model was established for the variables, with a coefficient of determination value of 0.9688. Finally, numerical optimisation was performed on the variables and the results show that the optimal values are 1000 ppm, 15.5 mL, −400 mmHg, 120 min, and 90 • C, for demulsifier dosage, toluene concentration, pressure, sitting time, and temperature, respectively.

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“…Surface activity trends herein determined agreed with those reported by other authors. For instance, Kandeel 60 evaluated the surface tension at different concentrations of glycerol‐based nonionic surfactants and found that surface tension decreased with the increment of the length in the hydrocarbon chains of the emulsifier. Zhang et al 61 also reported surface properties of glycerol‐based emulsifiers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glycerol polymerization degree effect on the emulsifying properties of polyglycerol esters

Díaz-Lasprilla

Mercado

Ramirez-Caballero

2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymeric emulsifiers based on glycerol and oleic acid were developed and their properties evaluated in palm oil and water solutions. Developed polymeric emulsifiers were polyglycerol-esters. Polymerization degree of polyglycerol-esters at different dosages (from 0.2 to 3% w/v) had a significant effect over emulsion stability, water surface tension, droplet size, and viscosity. Polyglycerol-ester with highest polymerization degree behaved more efficiently as emulsifier. A dosage of 0.5% w/v was required to maintain emulsion stability for a half-life period of 872 min (~14.5 h); which, is 5.6 and 3.6-fold longer stability than with the other two polyglycerol-esters developed. When dosage increased to 3% w/v, the emulsion stability also increased to 3792 min (~2.6 days). Nevertheless, surfactants with lower polymerization degree and molecular weight did not behave the same way. Emulsifier with highest polymerization degree reduced water surface tension by 70% and the mean particle diameter decreased when emulsifier polymerization degree increased. For the viscosity parameter, there were two interesting regions: for shear rates up to 1 s −1 the emulsion behaved as Non-Newtonian fluid type Shear-thinning; while, higher shear rates, the viscosity exhibited a Newtonian profile.

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Synthesis and Performance of Glycerol Ester-Based Nonionic Surfactants

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

The adsorption and aggregation properties of dendritic cationic tetrameric surfactants

The adsorption and aggregation properties of dendritic cationic tetrameric surfactants

Separation Emulsion via Non-Ionic Surfactant: An Optimization

Glycerol polymerization degree effect on the emulsifying properties of polyglycerol esters

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