Synthesis and performance evaluation of a new drag reducer–cationic hybrid polymeric based on polyacrylamide

Jing, Xianwu; Huang, Chen-zhi; Fu, Ziyi

doi:10.1007/s10965-021-02701-z

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In our previous work [ 53 ], we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the shape of drag reducer in fresh water and brine, due to the freeze-drying method of sample preparation, active ingredients in slick water, including drag reducer and salt, are left in the mold. Therefore, we cannot observe the real form of drag reducer clearly, it is also possible that only salt crystallization is observed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and drag reduction properties of a hydrophobically associative polymer containing ultra-long side chains

et al. 2023

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Different from common hydrophobic associative polymers, a new hydrophobic associative polyacrylamide (HAPAM) with ultra-long side chains was synthesized and aimed to be used as drag reducer in this work. Firstly, a water-soluble hydrophobic monomer (named AT114) was obtained by alcoholysis reaction with acryloyl chloride and triton 114, then the drag reducer was obtained by radical copolymerization of AM, AMPS and AT114. The structures of AT114 and drag reducer were characterized by IR and NMR. Slick water was obtained by dissolving a small amount drag reducer in water. Although the viscosity of slick water varied greatly in fresh water and brine, the drag reduction rate always remained at a high level when flowing in pipelines. When the concentration of the drag reducer was 0.03% in fresh water, drag reduction rate can be up to 76.7%, while in high concentration brine, still as high as 76.2%. It shows that salt has no obvious negative impact on the drag reduction rate. That is also to say, in the case of low viscosity, the viscosity change has no obvious impact on drag reduction rate. From the Cryo-TEM observation, it can be concluded that the drag reducer forms sparse network structures in water, which is the direct reason for drag reducing effect. This finding provides knowledge regarding the development of new drag reducers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and drag reduction properties of a hydrophobically associative polymer containing ultra-long side chains

et al. 2023

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“…Chen et al synthesized a new type of drag reducer (SPR) with acrylamide and 12-allyloxydodecyl acid sodium. 27 This new drag reducer features a low molecular weight, a fastdissolving rate, and low interfacial tension, and the SPR DR rate calculated by the Fanning friction coefficient exceeded 60%. Rashed et al 28 used a complex mixture of polyisobutylene, and sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate (SDS) was used to enhance the DR phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For further improvement of DR performance, many researchers have started to focus on the development of binary synergistic DR and new DR agents. Chen et al synthesized a new type of drag reducer (SPR) with acrylamide and 12-allyloxydodecyl acid sodium . This new drag reducer features a low molecular weight, a fast-dissolving rate, and low interfacial tension, and the SPR DR rate calculated by the Fanning friction coefficient exceeded 60%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of Both Ionic Properties and Micellar Structure for Enhanced Turbulent Drag Reduction Performance of Surfactant Solutions

Li,

Hui,

Jin

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Surfactants with various ionic properties have been broadly employed as assisting or main additives for fluid drag reduction. However, how the micellar structure of surfactants affects their turbulence drag reduction performance has not been systematically investigated, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we present a systematic experimental investigation of the turbulent drag reduction performance of surfactants with head groups of different ionic properties in a circular tube. By controlling such fluid parameters as surfactant ionic properties and concentration, flow time, turbulence intensity, and pH value, we were able to obtain surfactant solutions of various micellar structures, which make it possible to investigate the underlying mechanism between microscale assembly morphology and the resulting drag reduction performance of surfactants under turbulence conditions. Overall, the zwitterionic surfactant BS-12 has the best drag reduction performance, followed by the anionic surfactant sodium dioctyl sulfosuccinate and the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene lauryl ether, and finally the cationic surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. The spreading characteristics of the different types of surfactant solutions on a metal plate were experimentally investigated, and the spreading coefficient is positively correlated with turbulent drag reduction rate induced by the surfactant. The mechanism of turbulent drag reduction induced by surfactants with different ionic properties has been explored, and it turns out that the micelle structure formed by surfactants is the main cause of turbulent drag reduction. The increase in the supermolecular structure size of the surfactant molecules in solution is beneficial in improving its turbulent drag reduction performance.

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“…Drag reduction (DR) by polymers has been of great interest, − mainly due to its vast applications, including firefighting, transport of liquids in pipelines, agriculture, and medicine. − There are some good reviews of the recent progress in understanding the fundamentals of polymer DR, such as one review of mechanical degradation and deaggregation of drag-reducing polymers in turbulent flows and the other on the mechanics and prediction of turbulent DR with polymer additives . The turbulence DR performance of polymers could be influenced by many factors such as time, turbulence intensity, molecular weight of the polymer, chemical structure of the polymer, etc …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Role of Ionic Properties on the Turbulence Drag Reduction Performance of Various Polyacrylamide Polymers in Liquid

Yang

Jing

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Polymer-induced drag reduction flow has been widely investigated. However, the underlying mechanism of how the ionic properties of polymers affect their turbulence drag reduction performance remains unclear. This study reports an experimental investigation of the turbulent drag reduction performance of polyacrylamides (PAMs) with different ionic properties. The factors influencing the drag reduction performance of PAM solutions were explored, including flow time, concentration, turbulence intensity, and solution pH value. Meanwhile, the experimental results of turbulence drag reduction over a circular tube were verified against the classical Virk's asymptote. It turned out that the experimentally obtained friction factors for the chosen PAM solutions of four ionic properties were close to the theoretical values and lie between the classical Newtonian turbulence and the Virk maximum drag reduction asymptote. The mechanism of turbulent drag reduction induced by PAMs with different ionic properties has been explored, and it turned out that the ionic properties of polymers play an important role in their drag reduction performance. In general, zwitterionic PAM shows the best turbulence drag reduction, anionic and nonionic PAMs are similar, and cationic PAM ranks last in terms of the effect of turbulence drag reduction. The increase of turbulence intensity and flow time will lead to the decrease of drag reduction effect; the increase of polymer solution concentration and pH value is beneficial to improve drag reduction rate.

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Synthesis and performance evaluation of a new drag reducer–cationic hybrid polymeric based on polyacrylamide

Cited by 9 publications

References 30 publications

Synthesis and drag reduction properties of a hydrophobically associative polymer containing ultra-long side chains

Synthesis and drag reduction properties of a hydrophobically associative polymer containing ultra-long side chains

Control of Both Ionic Properties and Micellar Structure for Enhanced Turbulent Drag Reduction Performance of Surfactant Solutions

Critical Role of Ionic Properties on the Turbulence Drag Reduction Performance of Various Polyacrylamide Polymers in Liquid

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