Synthesis and metabolic fate of hesperetin-3-14C

Abstract

D-proline (0.20 g), the preferential crystallization of D isomer was carried out in the same manner as described above. By repeating these procedures, L and D isomers were successively obtained. Table V shows the results obtained by the successive resolution of N-n-butyryl-DL-proline.Optical Resolution of Other IV-Acyl-DL-proIines.jV-Acetyl-DL-proline, iV-chloroacetyl-DL-proline, and Nisobutyryl-DL-proline could also be resolved in the same manner as described above. Although AMsobutyryl-DL-proline could not be resolved under stirring, the resolution was successful only when crystallization was induced by inoculation and was continued slowly without stirring or scratching. Conditions and results for the Biological Sciences and Chemical Synthesis Laboratories, Dynapol, Palo Alto, California 94304.

Naringenin protects against cadmium-induced oxidative renal dysfunction in rats

“…well documented that naringenin effectively quenches free radicals because of their 4 -hydroxyl group in the ␤-ring possessing electron donating properties and being on radical target which thereby prevent the membrane from free radical attack and thus protect the membrane and inhibit the lipid peroxidation (Amic et al, 2003). The lipophilic nature of naringenin can facilitate its adherence to lipid bilayer which might reduces the formation of free radicals and protects the cell membrane (Honohan et al, 1976). GSH and other thiol-containing proteins play a very crucial key role in cellular defense against Cd toxicity.…”

Antiatherogenic Properties of Naringenin, a Citrus Flavonoid

“…14 C] given either orally or intraperitoneally to rats, was recovered as 14 CO 2 , a by-product of hepatic metabolism (47). This suggests that at least 40% of the hesperetin dose reached the liver.…”

“…14 C]-hesperetin in rats indicate that intestinal absorption of aglycone flavanones may be greater than 90% (47).…”

“…Griffiths and Smith (34) showed that rat intestinal microflora resulted in the generation of 4-hydroxyphenylpropionic acid and naringenin only, suggesting that 4-hydroxycinnamic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid may be metabolites that are generated by hepatic enzymes. Honohan et al (47) showed that the major intestinal metabolite of 3-[…”

The pig caecum model: A suitable tool to study the intestinal metabolism of flavonoids

“…This acid is known to be a colonic metabolite of hesperetin [11,35]; in earlier studies, the formation of 4b from hesperetin and eriodictyol, respectively, was reported after oral ingestion by rats [36]. In addition, Honohan et al [37] also observed the formation of 4b after incubation of 4 with rat caecal flora.…”