The trisacetonitrile complexes [IrClH(PiPr3)(NCCH3)3]BF4 (1) and [IrH2(PiPr3)(NCCH3)3]BF4 (2) have been prepared in one-pot reactions with high yields by reaction of the iridium(I) dimers [Ir(μ-Cl)(coe)2]2 and [Ir(μ-OMe)(cod)2]2 with the phosphonium salt [HPiPr3]BF4.
The rates of exchange between free acetonitrile and the labile acetonitrile ligands of
complexes 1 and 2 have been measured by NMR spectroscopy. This kinetic study has shown
that both complexes readily dissociate one acetonitrile ligand trans to hydride, giving rise
to fluxional five-coordinate intermediates. Substitution products 3−7 have been obtained
by treatment of complexes 1 and 2 with CO and PMe3. The structures determined for 3−7
can be rationalized on the basis of the steric requirements of the ligands, indicating that
the products are formed by thermodynamic control. Ethene inserts reversibly into the Ir−H
bond of 1 to give the compound [IrCl(Et)(PiPr3)(NCCH3)3]BF4 (8), which has been used for
the preparation of the stable ethyliridium(III) complexes [IrCl(Et)(PiPr3)(Py)2(NCCH3)]BF4
(9) and [Ir(η2-O2CCH3)Cl(Et)(PiPr3)(NCCH3)3] (10), respectively. The molecular structure of
10 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. The reaction of 2 with ethene, at low
temperature, results in the sequential formation of the ethene complex [IrH2(η2-C2H4)(PiPr3)(NCCH3)2]BF4 (11) and the diethyl derivative [Ir(Et)2(PiPr3)(NCCH3)3]BF4 (14). At room
temperature in solution, 14 undergoes reductive elimination of ethane to form the iridium(I) species [Ir(PiPr3)(NCCH3)3]BF4 (15) and [Ir(PiPr3)(η2-C2H4)(NCCH3)2]BF4 (16). These
cations readily react with H2 to regenerate 2, closing a cycle for ethene hydrogenation in
which several participating species have been identified. The reaction of 2 with propene in
solution also allows the characterization of products of propene coordination (17) and insertion
(18). In this case, the species obtained after elimination of propane are products of allylic
C−H activation: [IrH(η3-C3H5)(PiPr3)(NCCH3)2]BF4 (19) and [IrH(η3-C3H5)(η2-C3H6)(PiPr3)(NCCH3)]BF4 (20). The structure of complex 19 has been determined by X-ray diffraction,
and the kinetics of dissociation of its two labile acetonitrile ligands have been studied by
NMR spectroscopy. Complex 19 undergoes electrophilic activation of H2 to give propene and
reform the starting complex 2.