Synthesis and insecticidal activity of CGA 293′343 - a novel broad-spectrum insecticide

Abstract

tolerance9 and herbicide resistance8 to a variety of other herbicides.In conclusion, puriücation of a GST from susceptible black-grass revealed one polypeptide, whilst puriücation from a resistant black-grass biotype, which had approximately double the GST activity of susceptible biotypes, resulted in two polypeptides. The additional polypeptide had a slightly higher molecular mass and, although GST activity cannot be attributed to this polypeptide, it was eluted from a GSH affinity column with a peak of GST activity. A study of crude enzyme extracts of black-grass revealed that both atrazine and CTU can aþect the enzymic conjugation of GSH with the artiücial GST substrate CDNB. These observations will allow further study of herbicides' interaction with GST activity, and the role of GSTs in herbicide resistance. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe thank the Home Grown Ceareals Authority, UK for funding. REFERENCES

Biological efficacy of some biorational and conventional insecticides in the control of different stages of the Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

“…The primary mode of action for thiamethoxam involves interference with or binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (Maienfisch et al 2001). This mode of action makes them highly desirable for controlling insects that develop resistance to conventional organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides (Maienfisch et al 1999). Thiamethoxam also has minimal effects on beneficial insects, low toxicity toward mammals, and does not produce any teratogenic or mutagenic effects (Lawson et al 1999) whereas Actellic (Pirimiphos-methyl) is an organophosphorus insecticide which is widely used to protect field grown vegetables from the infestation by several insect pests (Radwan et al 2004).…”

Toxicity of synthetic and biological insecticides against adults of the Eucalyptus snout-beetle Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

“…These results were expected as neonicotinoids act mainly when insects feed on the host plant, by interfering with the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (Arthur et al 2004;Byrne et al 2007). The use of thiamethoxam is desirable in IPM programmes when the target pest becomes resistant to other insecticides and due to its low toxic effects against beneficial arthropods and mammals (Maienfisch et al 1999;Lawson et al 1999;Arthur et al 2004).…”

Advances in the synthesis of neonicotinoids

“…A special scheme was developed for the synthesis of 6 [32,108,[133][134][135][136] starting from S-methyl-N-nitroisothiourea (95). Compound 95 reacted with methylamine in ethanol to give 94% of N-methyl-N'-nitroguanidine 115.…”

“…Thiacloprid (3) [23], nitenpyram (4) [24,25], and acetamiprid (5) [26][27][28][29] are the other neonicotinoids containing a chloropyridine fragment. In the recent years, one more neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam (6) [30][31][32] has found growing application; for example, it is the active component of Actara™. The molecule of thiamethoxam contains a chlorothiazole ring, which makes it essentially different from chloropyridine neonicotinoids 2-5.…”