Synthesis and in vivo studies of carbohydrate‐based vaccines against group A Streptococcus

Abstract

Carbohydrates, as carriers, providing numerous attachment points for the conjugation of peptide antigens and their optimal orientation for the recognition by cells of the immune system, reducing degradation of the attached peptide antigens and many other advantages make carbohydrate-based vaccine highly promising approach. Multiple copies of a single group A streptococcal (GAS) M protein derived specific peptide antigens (J8 or J14) were coupled onto carbohydrate cores (D-glucose and D-galactose) linked to lipophilic amino acids to produce a self-adjuvanting liposaccharide vaccine against GAS strains. In vivo experiments showed high serum IgG antibody titers against each of the incorporated peptide epitopes, J8 or J14.

Distinction and quantitation of sugar isomers in ternary mixtures using the kinetic method

“…Various carbohydratebased drugs are currently in use, amongst which Heparin as an anti-coagulant or Tamiflu for treating influenza [4]. In addition, monosaccharides have been investigated for their in vivo anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective effects [5] and also as drug carriers [6]. While qualitative structural distinction of sugars is a crucial issue in biochemistry studies, their precise quantitative analysis is also a very important step in the conversion of biomass feedstocks to fuels and chemicals.…”

Modern lipid‐, carbohydrate‐, and peptide‐based delivery systems for peptide, vaccine, and gene products

“…8). 44,123,124 Carbohydrates provide a number of attachment points for the conjugation of multiple copies of a single peptide epitope or different peptide epitopes. The close proximity of many peptide chains, when conjugated through a carbohydrate core, may reduce enzymatic degradation of the attached peptides, as well as potentially improve the immune response against incorporated peptide antigens.…”

Peptides As Therapeutics with Enhanced Bioactivity

“…It also induced in vitro maturation of splenic dendritic cells. The versatility of the LCP system has been tested using antigens from Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) [56], human papillomavirus [57], and Streptococcus pyogenes [58][59][60][61][62]. LCPs were shown to have an additional benefit of storage in freeze-dried form with resistance to temperature and peptidases, due to qualities of lipidation and the multiple antigenic peptide system [45].…”