Myrtaceae Juss. Comprises 132 genera and 5671 species of trees and shrubs, which are distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, parti cularly South America, Australia and Tropical Asia. 1 It is one of the most prominent families in Brazil, represented by 23 genera and 1034 species, with occurrence in all regions of the country 23 Myrcia De Candolle is one of the largest genera in the Americas, with more than 300 species distributed from Mexico to Southern Brazil, occurring in its different biomes, especially in savannas and secondary forests. 4 Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC. has an extensive synonymy with species and varieties of Aulomyrcia, Eugenia, Myrcia and Myrtus. 5 It is a mediumsized shrub widely distributed in the Brazilian Amazon and included in a group of species of Myrcia, popularly known as "Pedraumecaá" or "Insulin plant". Some studies have demonstrated the widespread use of Myrcia species as hypoglycemic agents, such as M. multiflora, 67 M. bella 8 and M. splendens and M. palustris. 910 Also, the macerated leaves of M. guianensis have been used to neutralize various snake venoms effects. 11 The hydroalcoholic leaf extract of M. guianensis was analized by HPLC PDAESI/MS, showing the presence of gallic, caffeic and quinic acids, in addition to other glycosylated Antioxidant Capacity and Cytotoxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC ABSTRACT Introduction: Ethnobotanical studies report that Myrcia guianensis (Myrtaceae), belonging to a group of plants known as pedrá-ume-caá or insulin plant, is used as a tea to treat various diseases, including diabetes, a metabolic disorder that leads to the constant production of free radicals. The objective of this work was to determine the antioxidant capacity and the cytotoxicity of the AEMg. Methods: The content of phenolic compounds in AEMg was determined by colorimetric assays. In vitro tests of the antioxidant capacity of AEMg, in the sequestration of DPPH radicals, in β-carotene bleaching, in the FRAP, as well as in human fibroblast cells of the MRC-5 lineage, were performed. The cytotoxic activity of AEMg was evaluated in assays with eukaryotic cells from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in PBMC. Results: The results showed that the AEMg is rich in phenolic compounds, presenting high antioxidant potential in all the tests carried out, including in human fibroblast cells of the MRC-5 lineage, besides not being toxic to eukaryotic cells. Conclusion: The AEMg, rich in antioxidant compounds and no toxicity, can be used as source of natural antioxidant in the treatment of metabolic diseases to combat free radicals.