In comparison with the widely reported triggers described in previous chapters-namely temperature, pH, and light-this chapter discusses triggers which have been far less documented: redox potential and hydrocarbons and their use to control the assembly and properties of wormlike micelles. In addition, recent reports of multiple stimuli-responsive wormlike micelles are also described, as well as smart reverse wormlike micelles, to complete this collection of "unconventional" smart wormlike micelles.Keywords Redox-responsive · Hydrocarbon-responsive · Multi-responsive · Smart reverse wormlike micelles
Redox-Responsive WLMsThe first redox-sensitive surfactant was reported nearly 30 years ago by Saji et al. [1,2]. They incorporated a ferrocene-based moiety into the surfactant and found that the CMC and micellization behaviour were altered under the stimulus of electron transfer, and they observed that micelles could be broken up into monomers by oxidation and re-formed by reduction. More details on this type of surfactants can be found in recent reviews by Abbott [3] and Eastoe [4].Despite this prior work, the only example of redox-sensitive WLMs, to our knowledge, was reported by Abe et al. [5] in 2004, and motivated by the development of electro-rheological (ER) fluids. ER fluids are colloidal dispersions whose viscosity can be controlled by an applied electric potential and are regarded as versatile materials for building up smart structures and machines. These fluids have applications in valves and clutches for transmission and precise control of mechanical positioning. They are conventionally produced by dispersing solid particles within a liquid. The application of an alternating electric field to the ER dispersions produces a viscosity increase mainly in the direction perpendicular to the field, because the dispersed particles align to form strings in the direction parallel