Synthesis and evaluation of cationic polyacrylamide and polyacrylate flocculants for harvesting freshwater and marine microalgae

Nguyen, Dinh Duc; Vu, Hang P.; Fu, Qiang; Johir, Abu Hasan; Ibrahim, Idris; Mofijur, M.; Labeeuw, Leen; Pernice, Mathieu; Ralph, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.133623

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The FT-IR spectra of starch and St-g-PAM with different raw material ratios are shown in Figure 2 d. In addition to the characteristic peaks of the starch itself, some new characteristic peaks appeared in the spectrum of St-g-PAM. There are sharp peaks at 1668 cm −1 and 1616 cm −1 that correspond to C=O stretching and N-H bending of the -CONH 2 group in acrylamide, respectively [ 28 ]. There is also an additional peak at 1454 cm −1 which is C-N bond stretching [ 29 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Energy Saving and Environmentally Friendly Starch via a Graft Copolymerization Strategy for Efficient Warp Sizing and Easy Removal

Zhu,

Guo,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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Warp sizing is a key process in textile production. However, before the yarn/fabric finishing, such as dyeing, the paste adhering to the warp must be eliminated to ensure optimal dyeing properties and the flexibility of the fabric. Therefore, the sizing will often consume a lot of energy and produce a lot of industrial wastewater, which will cause serious harm to the environment. In this study, we have developed an energy saving and environmentally friendly starch-based slurry by modifying natural starch with acrylamide. The paste has excellent viscosity stability and fiber adhesion, and exhibits excellent performance during warp sizing. In addition, the slurry has good water solubility at 60–70 °C, so it is easy to desize at low temperatures. Because of this, the sizing of the warp can be deslimed directly from the yarn during subsequent washing processes. This work can not only reduce some costs for the textile industry, but also achieve the purpose of energy conservation and emission reduction.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Novel Energy Saving and Environmentally Friendly Starch via a Graft Copolymerization Strategy for Efficient Warp Sizing and Easy Removal

Zhu,

Guo,

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…Studies on optimization strategies for the recovery of microalgae biomass are increasing since it demands high energy and operating costs (20 to 30% of the total production cost) [42][43][44]. In this way, it is necessary to define the recovery method to process high biomass production (Table 1).…”

Section: Recent Advances In Harvesting Algae and Pretreatments For Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, combined methods such as sedimentation-flocculation-coagulation, flocculationcentrifugation, and electrocoagulation-flotation have been used and show promise concerning cost and energy efficiency [43][44][45][46]49,50]. Moreover, natural (including EPS) and synthetic flocculating agents are applied in microalgal recovery [42,51]. Nguyen et al [42] develop cationic polymers (poly[2(acryloyloxy) ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride and poly(3acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride) for the harvest of Chlorella vulgaris and Porphyridium purpureum.…”

Section: Recent Advances In Harvesting Algae and Pretreatments For Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, natural (including EPS) and synthetic flocculating agents are applied in microalgal recovery [42,51]. Nguyen et al [42] develop cationic polymers (poly[2(acryloyloxy) ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride and poly(3acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride) for the harvest of Chlorella vulgaris and Porphyridium purpureum. The polymers show excellent flocculation performance for both microalgae with stable floc formation.…”

Section: Recent Advances In Harvesting Algae and Pretreatments For Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances of Microalgae Exopolysaccharides for Application as Bioflocculants

et al. 2022

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Microalgae are used in flocculation processes because biopolymers are released into the culture medium. Microalgal cell growth under specific conditions (temperature, pH, luminosity, nutrients, and salinity) provides the production and release of exopolysaccharides (EPS). These biopolymers can be recovered from the medium for application as bioflocculants or used directly in cultivation as microalgae autoflocculants. The optimization of nutritional parameters, the control of process conditions, and the possibility of scaling up allow the production and industrial application of microalgal EPS. Therefore, this review addresses the potential use of EPS produced by microalgae in bioflocculation. The recovery, determination, and quantification techniques for these biopolymers are also addressed. Moreover, other technological applications of EPS are highlighted.

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“…Polyacrylamide, a water–soluble polymer formed by the polymerization of acrylamide monomers, is among the most used chemicals for wastewater treatment and sludge dewatering [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]. Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) is one of the most widely applied polymers due to its high performance in flocculation, sludge dewatering, and harvesting microalgae [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Conditions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Inverse Emulsion Synthesis Reaction to Obtain High–Molecular–Weight Polymers

Nguyen

et al. 2022

Polymers

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Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) emulsifier is widely applied in the wastewater treatment industry, mining industry, paper industry, cosmetic chemistry, etc. However, optimization of input parameters in the synthesis of CPAM by using the traditional approach (i.e., changing one factor while leaving the others fixed at a particular set of conditions) would require a long time and a high cost of input materials. Onsite mass production of CPAM requires fast optimization of input parameters (i.e., stirring speed, reaction temperature and time, the amount of initiator, etc.) to minimize the production cost of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Therefore, in this study, we synthesized CPAM using reverse emulsion copolymerization, and proposed response surface models for predicting the average molecular weight and reaction yield based on those input parameters. This study offers a time–saving tool for onsite mass production of specific–molecular–weight CPAM. Based on our response surface models, we obtained the optimal conditions for the synthesis of CPAM emulsions, which yielded medium–molecular–weight polymers and high conversion, with a reaction temperature of 60–62 °C, stirring speed of 2500–2600 rpm, and reaction time of 7 h. Quadratic models showed a good fit for predicting molecular weight (Adj.R2 = 0.9888, coefficient of variation = 2.08%) and reaction yield (Adj.R2 = 0.9982, coefficient of variation = 0.50%). The models suggested by our study would benefit the cost–minimization of CPAM mass production, where one could find optimal conditions for synthesizing different molecular weights of CPAM more quickly than via the traditional approach.

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Synthesis and evaluation of cationic polyacrylamide and polyacrylate flocculants for harvesting freshwater and marine microalgae

Cited by 15 publications

References 39 publications

Development of a Novel Energy Saving and Environmentally Friendly Starch via a Graft Copolymerization Strategy for Efficient Warp Sizing and Easy Removal

Development of a Novel Energy Saving and Environmentally Friendly Starch via a Graft Copolymerization Strategy for Efficient Warp Sizing and Easy Removal

Recent Advances of Microalgae Exopolysaccharides for Application as Bioflocculants

Optimizing the Conditions of Cationic Polyacrylamide Inverse Emulsion Synthesis Reaction to Obtain High–Molecular–Weight Polymers

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