Synthesis and Evaluation of a Sodium Alginate-4-Aminosalicylic Acid Based Microporous Hydrogel for Potential Viscosupplementation for Joint Injuries and Arthritis-Induced Conditions

Abstract

A microporous hydrogel was developed using sodium alginate (alg) and 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA). The synthesized hydrogel was characterized using various analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-NMR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additonal carboxyl and hydroxyl functional groups of 4-ASA provided significant lubrication and stress-triggered sol-gel transition to the conjugated hydrogel. In addition, cytotoxicity analysis was undertaken on the conjugated hydrogel using human dermal fibroblast-adult (HDFa) cells, displaying non-toxic characteristics. Drug release profiles displaying 49.6% in the first 8 h and 97.5% within 72 h, similar to the native polymer (42.8% in first 8 h and 90.1% within 72 h). Under applied external stimuli, the modified hydrogel displayed significant gelling properties and structure deformation/recovery behaviour, confirmed using rheological evaluation (viscosity and thixotropic area of 8095.3 mPas and 26.23%, respectively). The modified hydrogel, thus, offers great possibility for designing smart synovial fluids as a biomimetic aqueous lubricant for joint-related injuries and arthritis-induced conditions. In addtion, the combination of thixotropy, non-toxicity, and drug release capabilities enables potential viscosupplementation for clinical application.

Fabrication and Characterization of Nanocomposite Hydrogel Based on Alginate/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Loaded with Linum usitatissimum Extract as a Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffold

“…The FTIR spectra of pure Alg absorbance bands in 1614 and 1415 cm −1 correspond to the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibration of C=O groups, respectively. The observed peaks in 1080 cm −1 and 1030 cm −1 are assigned to C-O-C bands vibrations [30,[34][35][36]. The phosphate absorption bands in the FTIR spectrum of nHA are identified by peaks at 472.9, 560, 603.5, 962, 1029, and 1092 cm −1 and two weak carbonate bands are observed at 1416 and 1456 cm −1 for nHA.…”

“…Mar. Drugs 2021,19, x FOR PEER REVIEW 7 of 19 and 1030 cm −1 are assigned to C-O-C bands vibrations[30,[34][35][36]. The phosphate absorption bands in the FTIR spectrum of nHA are identified by peaks at 472.9, 560, 603.5, 962, 1029, and 1092 cm -1 and two weak carbonate bands are observed at 1416 and 1456 cm -1 for nHA.…”

Acupoint Nanocomposite Hydrogel for Simulation of Acupuncture and Targeted Delivery of Triptolide Against Rheumatoid Arthritis

“…Numerous drug delivery systems like nanoparticles, emulsions, and hydrogels have been designed to transport therapeutics for arthritis treatment [6][7][8][9][10] . Nanoparticles are the mostly used and often administrated by intravenous, but the drug concentrations in plasma are unstable and the circulation time is short.…”

Polymer colloids as drug delivery systems for the treatment of arthritis

“…In another study conducted byChejara et al (2017) (95), a novel microporous hydrogel was developed based on sodium alginate and 4-aminosalicylic acid (4-ASA) as potential viscosupplementation for arthritis treatment. The authors conducted cytotoxicity analysis using human dermal fibroblast-adult (HDF) cells, and the results indicated non-toxic characteristics of Alg-4-ASA hydrogel (95% cell viability).…”

“…The modified hydrogel, thus, provided a good possibility for improved synovial lubrication for joint-related injuries and arthritis-induced conditions. In addition, it was non-toxic, and have high drug release profiles permitting potential viscosupplementation for clinical application(97).Recently, Yin et al (2020) (96) developed a hydrogel-based delivery system for rheumatoid arthritis treatment composed of polyethyleneimine as a carrier for loading indomethacin and methotrexate, and then, this system was loaded into a temperature-sensitive hydrogel (D-NGel). The obtained hydrogel system effectively improved arthritis disease progression while indomethacin reduced pain and joint swelling in arthritis.…”