Synthesis and Electrochemical Reaction of Tin Oxalate-Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Anode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

Abstract

Unlike for SnO, few studies have reported on the use of SnCO as an anode material for rechargeable lithium batteries. Here, we first introduce a SnCO-reduced graphene oxide composite produced via hydrothermal reactions followed by a layer-by-layer self-assembly process. The addition of rGO increased the electric conductivity up to ∼10 S cm. As a result, the SnCO-reduced graphene oxide electrode exhibited a high charge (oxidation) capacity of ∼1166 mAh g at a current of 100 mA g (0.1 C-rate) with a good retention delivering approximately 620 mAh g at the 200th cycle. Even at a rate of 10 C (10 A g), the composite electrode was able to obtain a charge capacity of 467 mAh g. In contrast, the bare SnCO had inferior electrochemical properties relative to those of the SnCO-reduced graphene oxide composite: ∼643 mAh g at the first charge, retaining 192 mAh g at the 200th cycle and 289 mAh g at 10 C. This improvement in electrochemical properties is most likely due to the improvement in electric conductivity, which enables facile electron transfer via simultaneous conversion above 0.75 V and de/alloy reactions below 0.75 V: SnCO + 2Li + 2e → Sn + LiCO + xLi + xe → LiSn on discharge (reduction) and vice versa on charge. This was confirmed by systematic studies of ex situ X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectroscopy.

New Insight on Open‐Structured Sodium Vanadium Oxide as High‐Capacity and Long Life Cathode for Zn–Ion Storage: Structure, Electrochemistry, and First‐Principles Calculation

“…As we mentioned before, Zn 4 O has very close XRD pattern to that of emerging phase in triflate electrolyte. [43] Therefore, in our case the formed phase was found to be Zn 5…”

“…The phase stability of Zn x NaV 3 O 8 is reduced with Zn 2+ intercalation into the structure, which requires the particular local structural change to decrease the instability of Zn x NaV 3 O 8 phase. As shown in Figure 3, with transformation from pyramidal VO 5 (Figure 4a and Figure S1a the first cycle, and the charge capacity was sufficiently high (352.3 mAh g −1 ), leading to a Coulombic efficiency (CE, charge capacity divided by discharge capacity) close to 100% (Figure 4a).…”

Synthesis of Co0.5Mn0.1Ni0.4C2O4⋅n H2O Micropolyhedrons: Multimetal Synergy for High‐Performance Glucose Oxidation Catalysis

“…[21] The use of oxalate in supercapacitors and batteries has been widely reported. [22,23] Diabetes is ac hronic disease characterizedb yh igh blood sugar.T he analysisa nd detection of glucose in the humanb ody is of great significance for the diagnosis and control of diseases. The development of al ow-cost,e asy-to-synthesize, high-sensitivity,h ighly selective, and stable material for the detection of glucoseh as received widespread public interest.…”

“…Transition‐metal oxalate nanomaterials with exceptional electrochemical properties can be obtained by using environmentally friendly, economical, and scalable synthetic methods . The use of oxalate in supercapacitors and batteries has been widely reported . Diabetes is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar.…”

Nature-Derived Cellulose-Based Composite Separator for Sodium-Ion Batteries

“…Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have received significant attention worldwide as major energy sources for electric vehicles and mobile devices, and the demand for LIBs is expected to increase in the near future (Mizushima et al, 1980;Amatucci et al, 1996;Winter et al, 1998;Mishra and Ceder, 1999;Sun et al, 2009;Jo et al, 2015). However, the cost increase of lithium resources resulting from their limited supply will make satisfying this demand difficult; thus, the development of post-LIB battery systems is essential (Pan et al, 2013;Nithya and Gopukumar, 2015;Park et al, 2017;Jo et al, 2018a,b;Jo J. H. et al, 2018;Vaalma et al, 2018). Recently, sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have been highlighted as attractive alternatives to LIBs for energy storage for both economic and scientific reasons; namely, sodium reserves are abundant and the reaction chemistries adopting a monovalent charge carrier are similar (Kim et al, 2015;Choi et al, 2018;Konarov et al, 2018).…”