Synthesis and electrochemical properties of chemically substituted LiMn2O4 prepared by a solution-based gel method

Synthesis of compounds, Li(MMn11/6)O4 (M=Mn1/6, Co1/6, (Co1/12Cr1/12), (Co1/12Al1/12), (Cr1/12Al1/12)) by polymer precursor method and its electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries

“…As prepared compounds were found to be black in colour and the powders as such were subjected to further studies. The compounds were prepared slightly at low temperature with a short calcination time and also no post heating or tempering of the compounds are required, when compared to the other sol-gel methods [17,37].…”

A new class of Sol–gel derived LiM1xM2yMn2−x−yO3.8F0.2 (M1 = Cr, M2 = V; x = y = 0.2) cathodes for lithium batteries

“…Figure 6 shows Further, it is understood that the appearance of two plateaus correspond to the insertion and extraction of lithium ions in two stages [34]. In other words, the plateau at 4.0 V arises due to the removal of lithium ions from half of the tetrahedral sites and the second plateau at 4.1 V corresponds to the removal of lithium ions from the other tetrahedral sites [35].…”

Synthesis and electrochemical performance of modified LiMn2O4 by Zn2+ and PO43− co-substitution

“…In this equivalent, R b is the bulk resistance of electrolyte, separator and electrode. R sei and C sei are the resistance and capacitance of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film related to the high frequency semicircle; R ct and C dl are the chargetransfer resistance and double-layer capacitance corresponded to the medium frequency semicircle; W is the Warburg impedance reflecting the solid-state diffusion of Li-ions into the bulk of active materials, which is associated with the inclined line at the low frequency [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. From the Nyquist plots, it can be found that in comparison with semicircles of pure …”

“…The discharge capacity and cycling performance of LiZn 0.01 Ce 0.01 Mn 1.98 O 4 are found to be superior (124 mAh·g −1 ), with a low capacity fade (0.1 mAh·g −1 per cycle) over the investigated 10 cycles. It was reported that the cycle performance of the Zn-doped LiMn 2 O 4 sample (LiZn 0.05 Mn 1.95 O 4 ) was significantly improved and the capacity loss of LiZn 0.05 Mn 1.95 O 4 sample was less than 6% of its initial capacity after 30 cycles [12]. Ye et al [13] reported that the phosphate-doped LiMn 2 O 4 cathode (with a molar ratio of PO 4 3− :LiMn 2 O 4 = 1.5%) exhibits good high-rate discharge capability with 94 mAh·g −1 at a current density of 2960 mA·g −1 .…”