Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Polypyrrole/Graphene Nanocomposites for the Detection of Formaldehyde

Abstract

Polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposites have been synthesized via a simple in-situ pyrrole polymerization process. The polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), highresolution TEM (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra. The results show that the sphere-like polypyrrole particles with the size of less than 500 nm attach to the surface of the graphene nanosheet-shaped structures with the size of less than 10 μm. The polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode exhibits good electro-catalytic performance for formaldehyde in neutral solution. The nanocomposites modified glassy carbon electrode shows an irreversible current peak located at +0.2 V. The detection limit and linear detection range are 0.028 μM and 0.001-2 mM. The polypyrrole/graphene nanocomposites reveal great potential to detect formaldehyde in liquid environment.

Conductive Polymer/Graphene‐based Composites for Next Generation Energy Storage and Sensing Applications

“…Formaldehyde, which is harmful to health and an environmental pollutant, was successfully detected by Cai et al [90] They proposed a facile synthesis approach using graphene and the pyrrole monomer. The mixture comprising the abovementioned substrates was added to 1 M HCl and ultrasonicated.…”

“…Owing to the biocompatibility and high conductivity of PPy, graphene material-PPy-based nanocomposites have been successfully applied for detecting a wide range of analytes, including toxic metal ions and biomolecules (Table 5). [90,91,[101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110] The Ppy-rGO hydrogel was synthesized by Suvina et al [102] and proposed as a selective material for detecting Pb 2 + in the solution containing Cd 2 + , Cu 2 + , and Hg 2 + as well. They proposed a one-step synthesis procedure based on the oxidative polymerization of pyrrole in the presence of rGO reduced by hydrazine.…”

“…[83] Recently, CP-graphene-based materials have emerged as one of the most promising composites applied in the detection of various molecules such as neurotransmitters, molecules present in the human body (e. g., glucose, uric acid (UA), and AA), a wide range of ions, environmental pollutants, pesticides, and drugs. [84][85][86][87][88][89][90][91] The main role of graphene-based materials in electrochemical detection systems is to improve electrical conductivity and provide active sites accessible to the analytes. Among graphene-based materials, rGO with reduced oxygen content has been widely applied.…”

Electrically Transduced Gas Sensors Based on Semiconducting Metal Oxide Nanowires

“…Other electrically transduced sensor architectures have also been reported. Several electrochemical sensors based on NWs like tungsten oxide, CuO, ZnO and vanadium monoxide can be found in the literature, showing high selectivity and quantitative analytical information to target gases, pH, humidity, glucose and DNA [27,36,49,[140][141][142][143][144][145][146]. Capacitive-type sensors define the sensitivity using the change in capacitance at a fixed voltage, and they are not generally applied to detecting inorganic gases [147,148].…”

“…Formaldehyde and BTEX have been classified as a human carcinogen, as they cause nasopharyngeal cancer, pulmonary damage and leukemia. Various SMO-NW sensors have been designed for detecting indoor formaldehyde and BTEX, such as Fe-doped ZnO, NiO-loaded ZnO, CuO/SnO 2 and SnO 2 /ZnO [74,85,142,158,305,306]. Toluene-and benzene-selective gas sensors were reported based on Pt/Pd functionalized ZnO NWs, alpha-Fe 2 O 3 /SnO 2 NW arrays, Pd decorated In 2 O 3 , Pd functionalized SnO 2 /ZnO core-shell NWs, Au/ZnO NWs, and other NW materials [80,198,[307][308][309].…”