Synthesis and electrochemical characterizations of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/manganese oxide coated on porous carbon nanofibers as a potential anode for lithium-ion batteries

Chen

et al. 2022

Small

et al. [13] found that the platform capacity of ball-milled carbon materials dropped sharply, which is consistent with graphite structural collapse in LIBs. Sun et al. [14,15] also proved the existence of an insertion reaction through in situ XRD experiments. Although a lot of studies have proven this model, some experimental phenomena still cannot be explained. Recently, Atsuo Yamada et al. [16] have explored in detail the sodium storage process of hard carbon by combining ex situ small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) techniques. The results show that the platform capacity is attributed to both insertion and nanopore filling mechanisms. Azusa Kamiyama et al. [17] synthesized a hard carbon material with abundant nanopores through the MgO template technology and an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 478 mAh g −1 was obtained. All these results indicate the principle of adsorption-embedded nanopore filling of hard carbon.Although many experiments and discussions have been conducted on the mechanism of hard carbon materials, the rate performance is still unsatisfactory. However, the previous results show that the co-intercalation of Na + and ether solvents have excellent rate performance with a graphite anode. Both Jache et al. [18] and Kim et al. [19] found that the capacity of the Na[solv] + (solvent solvated Na + ) embedded between graphite layers almost has no decay at different current densities. Sung Chul Jung et al. [20] used the DFT theoretical calculation method to reveal that the ternary Na-diglyme-GIC has a strong interlayer coupling strength. In addition, since Na + has a weaker interaction with diglyme, the diffusion rate of Na + -diglyme complex is 5 orders of magnitude faster than that of Li + -diglyme complex. Mustafa Goktas et al. [21] revealed that the introduction of the co-intercalation process makes this system an example of none SEI, which leads to rapid ion diffusion behavior.In this work, hard carbon fibers with self-supporting properties were prepared to eliminate the influences of binders and conductive agents. A solvent co-intercalation mechanism was introduced into the hard carbon sodium storage mechanism for the first time. In situ XRD and ex situ TEM XPS characterizations were performed to prove it. Introducing the co-intercalation of solvents enabled the hard carbon materials to exhibit 245 mAh g −1 at a current density of up to 5 A g −1 , which can maintain 72% of the one at 50 mA g −1 . The full battery assembled with Na 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 had a high energy density of 157 Wh kg −1 at 3800 W kg −1 (relative to the electrode). It is worth noting that plateau capacity has hardly any decay at high current densities.As the most successful anode material for sodium-ion batteries, hard carbon has attracted extensive attention from researchers. However, its storage mechanism is still controversial. In this paper, a solvent co-intercalation mechanism into hard carbon is proposed and is proved by in situ XRD and ex situ TEM XPS results successfully. Thanks to the co-intercalation of sol...

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the Solvent Co‐Intercalation Mechanism for Hard Carbon with Ultrafast Sodium Storage

Chen

et al. 2022

Small

“…The current growth in the exploitation of renewable energy sources increases the need for efficient energy storage systems, in particular electrochemical devices such as batteries [1–5] . At present, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), working through the rocking chair mechanism, dominate the market of electrochemical energy storage devices, owing to their superior energy/weight ratio, long cycle life and fast charge‐discharge processes [6–10] . However, the scarcity of lithium in the Earth crust (0.0017 wt%) threatens the exploitation of LIBs in large‐scale energy storage systems for storing the electricity produced by photovoltaics and wind plants [11–15] …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5] At present, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), working through the rocking chair mechanism, dominate the market of electrochemical energy storage devices, owing to their superior energy/weight ratio, long cycle life and fast charge-discharge processes. [6][7][8][9][10] However, the scarcity of lithium in the Earth crust (0.0017 wt%) threatens the exploitation of LIBs in large-scale energy storage systems for storing the electricity produced by photovoltaics and wind plants. [11][12][13][14][15] Sodium and potassium are more abundant alkali metals (2.3 and 1.5 wt% in the Earth crust, respectively) and can potentially replace lithium in rocking chair batteries, at least for the aforementioned stationary applications; indeed, in these cases battery size is not relevant, while the investment cost becomes a primary target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin as Polymer Electrolyte Precursor for Stable and Sustainable Potassium Batteries

et al. 2022

Self Cite

Potassium batteries show interesting peculiarities as large-scale energy storage systems and, in this scenario, the formulation of polymer electrolytes obtained from sustainable resources or waste-derived products represents a milestone activity. In this study, a lignin-based membrane is designed by crosslinking a pre-oxidized Kraft lignin matrix with an ethoxylated difunctional oligomer, leading to self-standing membranes that are able to incorporate solvated potassium salts. The in-depth electro-chemical characterization highlights a wide stability window (up to 4 V) and an ionic conductivity exceeding 10 À 3 S cm À 1 at ambient temperature. When potassium metal cell prototypes are assembled, the lignin-based electrolyte attains significant electrochemical performances, with an initial specific capacity of 168 mAh g À 1 at 0.05 A g À 1 and an excellent operation for more than 200 cycles, which is an unprecedented outcome for biosourced systems in potassium batteries.

“…Mohaimeed et al 6 described a successfully designed simple and ultrasensitive modified metal oxide naltrexone tetraphenylborate (NTX-TPB-CuO/Al 2 O 3 ) nanocomposite potentiometric sensor for the determination of naltrexone hydrochloride (NTX) in authentic powder and commercial formulations. Abdah et al 7 coated poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/manganese oxide on porous carbon nanofibers (P-CNFs/PEDOT/MnO 2 ) and used them as anode materials via the innovative combination of electrospinning, carbonization, and electrodeposition. The results show that the electrochemical performance of the as-prepared P-CNFs/PEDOT/MnO 2 electrode is satisfactory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of a ternary system: a strategy for the rapid formation of porous poly(lactic acid) fibers

et al. 2022