Synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of tin oxide for use as anode in lithium rechargeable batteries

Abstract

SnO 2 was synthesized by precipitation from an aqueous solution of SnCl 4 and NH 4 OH, followed by a heat treatment. The product was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, DSC and TG. The XRD patterns suggest the formation of phase-pure cassiterite form of SnO 2 . SEM imaging indicates that the particles obtained are of sub-micron size with good morphology and size control (around $300 nm). Electrodes were fabricated by a slurry-coating procedure and the electrochemical performances of these electrodes were evaluated using galvanostatic cycling tests. The results suggest that the heat treated SnO 2 samples deliver higher capacities when cycled between 1.0 and 0.1 V vs. Li + /Li and showed coulombic efficiencies of more than 98% in the tenth cycle.

HRTEM observations on composites of tin and tin dioxide nanoparticles dispersed on carbon nanotubes by single-atoms-to-clusters method

“…First, carboxyl groups were formed on the surface by using an acid solution (H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , and HCl; Kanto Chemical Co., Inc.). Second, hydroxyl groups of the carboxyl groups were replaced with chlorine by SOCl 2 (Wako).…”

“…Meanwhile the large surface-to-volume ratio of tin dioxide nanoparticles provided an improvement in the sensitivity of the gas-sensing devices [2]. As demonstrated by Sivashanmugam et al [3], tin dioxide particles were usually made by precipitation from an aqueous solution and heat treatment, in which 200-300 nm size of the particles were observed in a typical SEM image. Egashira et al [4] made tin nanoparticles on activated carbon fibers (ACF) and estimated that the sizes of the nanoparticles were 20-40 nm in diameter by using TEM and XRD.…”

Smart Nanomaterials for Space and Energy Applications

“…Tin oxide with nanometer-scale dimension and morphological specificity as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries exhibits high volumetric and gravimetric capacities in Li-ion batteries [202][203][204][205][206][207]. Theoretically, a tin oxide anode can give a maximum charge-storage capacity of 781 mA h g-1, which is about twice the theoretical capacity of carbon anode.…”

Synthesis and characterization of Sn–Mo mixtures as negative electrode materials for Li-ion batteries

“…While tin metals can give high initial lithium insertion capacities, corresponding to a theoretical capacity of 990 mAh g −1 . On the other hand, volume changes by as much as 259% that occur during these alloying and dealloying reactions lead to mechanical disintegration of the anode resulting in cracking or pulverization of the electrodes [20]. In order to solve these problems, some inactive metals were introduced to improve the electrochemical properties.…”