Synthesis and Dispersion Characteristics of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites with Poly(methyl methacrylate) Prepared by In‐Situ Bulk Polymerization

Park, Seung June; Cho, Min Seong; Lim, Sang Kyoo; Choi, Hyoung Jin; Jhon, Myung S.

doi:10.1002/marc.200300089

Cited by 278 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(15 reference statements)

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“…This characteristic of CNTs could obstruct its application with other materials. Attaching functional groups can markedly increases the dispersion of nanotube materials (Park, et al, 2003). To modify CNTs can improve the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Hsieh

Chou

Lin

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been a popular material in recent years, but their thermal characteristics have not been understood completely. We investigated the unique thermal stability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and used nitric acid (HNO 3 ) to purify MWCNTs to promote its activation energy (E a ). The study used differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to analyze as-grown MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs. For DSC, the heating rate was chosen to be 0.25 to 2.0 °C/min. From DSC results, E a and exothermic onset temperature (T 0 ) of the modified MWCNTs increased with increasing HNO 3 concentration. The TGA results showed that both as-grown and modified MWCNTs' decomposition temperatures were higher than 500°C in air. The infrared spectra of as-grown MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs have shown that the gas phase composition is CO 2 after TGA linked with FTIR. By Kissinger's corrected kinetic equation, E a increased with increasing HNO 3 concentration. Through this study, we realized that as-grown MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs are thermally hazardous materials with high potential heat of decomposition, especially under fire exposure. Thus, it is important to know the thermal hazard characteristics of material with a measure to prevent its thermal damage during perturbed situations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Hsieh

Chou

Lin

et al. 2010

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…In attempts to achieve well-dispersed CNTs in a polymer, functionalization of the CNT walls [9,10], use of surfactants [11], controlled duration of sonication of mixtures of CNTs in various solvents [12,13,14,15,16], in situ polymerization under sonication [17], in situ bulk polymerization [18], high speed mechanical stirring [19,20], and compounding using a twin screw extruder [21,22] have been used. The dispersion of the CNTs in the polymer was mainly determined by taking images using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), or optical microscopy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between dispersion metric and properties of PMMA/SWNT nanocomposites

Kashiwagi

Fagan

Douglas

et al. 2007

Polymer

169

113

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Particle spatial dispersion is a crucial characteristic of polymer composite materials and this property is recognized as especially important in nanocomposite materials due to the general tendency of nanoparticles to aggregate under processing conditions. We introduce dispersion metrics along with a specified dispersion scale over which material homogeneity is measured and consider how the dispersion metrics correlate quantitatively with the variation of basic nanocomposite properties. We then address the general problem of quantifying nanoparticle spatial dispersion in model nanocomposites of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at a fixed SWNT concentration of 0.5 % using a 'coagulation' fabrication method. Two methods are utilized to measure dispersion, UV-Vis spectroscopy and optical confocal microscopy. Quantitative spatial dispersion levels were obtained through image analysis to obtain a 'relative dispersion index' (RDI) representing the uniformity of the dispersion of SWNTs in the samples and through absorbance. We find that the storage modulus, electrical conductivity, and flammability containing the same amount of SWNTs, the relationships between the quantified dispersion levels and physical properties show about four orders of magnitude variation in storage modulus, almost eight orders of magnitude variation in electric conductivity, and about 70 % reduction in peak mass loss rate at the highest dispersion level used in this study. The observation of such a profound effect of SWNT dispersion indicates the need for objective dispersion metrics for correlating and understanding how the properties of nanocomposites are determined by the concentration, shape and size of the nanotubes. conditions. We introduce dispersion metrics along with a specified dispersion scale over which material homogeneity is measured and consider how the dispersion metrics correlate quantitatively with the variation of basic nanocomposite properties. We then address the general problem of quantifying nanoparticle spatial dispersion in model nanocomposites of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) dispersed in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) at a fixed SWNT concentration of 0.5 % using a 'coagulation' fabrication method. Two methods are utilized to measure dispersion, UV-Vis spectroscopy and optical confocal microscopy. Quantitative spatial dispersion levels were obtained through image analysis to obtain a 'relative dispersion index ' (RDI) representing the uniformity of the dispersion of SWNTs in the samples and through absorbance. We find that the storage modulus, electrical conductivity, and flammability † This was carried out by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), an agency of the US Government and is not subject to copyright in the US. ‡ Correspondence to: T. Kashiwagi (E-mail: takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov) 1 property of the nanocomposites correlates well with the RDI. For the nanocomposites containing the same amount of SWNTs, the relationships betw...

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“…The degree of functionalization should be well balanced since a high degree of modification would affect the properties of the carbon nanotubes [125], which are the reason for using them, but a sufficient grafting effect is necessary to achieve compatibility between the polymer matrix and the carbon nanotubes. Examples of modifications are the grafting of poly(methyl methacrylate) [126] and of polystyrene [127]. Modification of the polymer can be done by using conjugated polymers, which can associate through π-π interactions.…”

Section: The Use Of Nanotubes In Conjunction With Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Separation Power of Nanotubes in Membranes: A Review

Bruggen

2012

ISRN Nanotechnology

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Research on mixed matrix membranes in which nanoparticles are used to enhance the membrane's performance in terms of flux, separation, and fouling resistance has boomed in the last years. This review probes on the specific features and benefits of one specific type of nanoparticles with a well-defined cylindrical structure, known as nanotubes. Nanotube structures for potential use in membranes are reviewed. These comprise mainly single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), but also other structures and materials, which are less studied for membrane applications, can be used. Important issues related to polymer-nanotube interactions such as dispersion and alignment are outlined, and a categorization is made of the resultant membranes. Applications are reviewed in four different areas, that is, gas separation, water filtration, drug delivery, and fuel cells.

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Synthesis and Dispersion Characteristics of Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Composites with Poly(methyl methacrylate) Prepared by In‐Situ Bulk Polymerization

Cited by 278 publications

References 14 publications

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Thermal Analysis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes by Kissinger’s Corrected Kinetic Equation

Relationship between dispersion metric and properties of PMMA/SWNT nanocomposites

The Separation Power of Nanotubes in Membranes: A Review

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