Synthesis and characterization of zirconia based solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production

ABSTRACT ABSTRACTThe The The The synthesis of synthesis of synthesis of synthesis of fatty acid ethyl ester from chicken fat waste using ZnO/SiO fatty acid ethyl ester from chicken fat waste using ZnO/SiO fatty acid ethyl ester from chicken fat waste using ZnO/SiO fatty acid ethyl ester from chicken fat waste using ZnO/SiO2 2 2 2 heterogeneous catalyst was carried heterogeneous catalyst was carried heterogeneous catalyst was carried heterogeneous catalyst was carried out using t out using t out using t out using two wo wo wo----step procedures of acid pretreatment by esterification and transesterification of the pretreated oil. step procedures of acid pretreatment by esterification and transesterification of the pretreated oil. step procedures of acid pretreatment by esterification and transesterification of the pretreated oil. step procedures of acid pretreatment by esterification and transesterification of the pretreated oil. The first step reduces the high free fatty a The first step reduces the high free fatty a The first step reduces the high free fatty a The first step reduces the high free fatty acid in the oil to an acceptable level for transesterification using cid in the oil to an acceptable level for transesterification using cid in the oil to an acceptable level for transesterification using cid in the oil to an acceptable level for transesterification using concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature of 60 concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature of 60 concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature of 60 concentrated sulphuric acid at a temperature of 60 o o o o C C C C during 1 h of reaction time. The second step was during 1 h of reaction time. The second step was during 1 h of reaction time. The second step was during 1 h of reaction time. The second step was transesterification of the preheated oil using silica promoted zinc oxide as heteroge transesterification of the preheated oil using silica promoted zinc oxide as heteroge transesterification of the preheated oil using silica promoted zinc oxide as heteroge transesterification of the preheated oil using silica promoted zinc oxide as heterogeneous catalyst. A three level, neous catalyst. A three level, neous catalyst. A three level, neous catalyst. A three level, four factorial box behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology was used whereby the four factorial box behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology was used whereby the four factorial box behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology was used whereby the four factorial box behnken design (BBD) of response surface methodology was used whereby the biodiesel yield biodiesel yield biodiesel yield biodiesel yield obtained in the range of 56 obtained in the range of 56 obtained in the range of 56 obtained in the range of 56−88%and a second order quadratic polynomial regression model that established the −88%and a second order quadratic polynomial regression model that established the −88%and a second order quadratic polynomial regression model t...

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“…There was no considerable variation in activity beyond 1.25 wt% of catalyst. This is in agreement with the work of Zhang [29] …”

Section: Effects Of Temperaturesupporting

confidence: 94%

SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTER FROM CHICKEN FAT USING ZnO/SiO2 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

Olutoye¹,

Akpan²,

Salihu³

2015

Nig. J. Tech.

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“…Although the use of heterogenous solid catalyst is environmentally and economically effective, the superior reaction activity occurs as higher reaction temperature (between 100 and 250 • C) and uses a higher methanol:oil ratio (10-25:1) and a higher concentration of catalyst (3-10 wt%). Indeed, the reaction times are much slower in a heterogeneous process when compared with homogenous reaction process [144].…”

Section: Transesterification and Esterification Of Vegetable Oil Using Heterogenous Acid And Base Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Short Review on Catalyst, Feedstock, Modernised Process, Current State and Challenges on Biodiesel Production

et al. 2021

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Biodiesel, comprising mono alkyl fatty acid esters or methyl ethyl esters, is an encouraging option to fossil fuels or diesel produced from petroleum; it has comparable characteristics and its use has the potential to diminish carbon dioxide production and greenhouse gas emissions. Manufactured from recyclable and sustainable feedstocks, e.g., oils originating from vegetation, biodiesel has biodegradable properties and has no toxic impact on ecosystems. The evolution of biodiesel has been precipitated by the continuing environmental damage created by the deployment of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is predominantly synthesised via transesterification and esterification procedures. These involve a number of key constituents, i.e., the feedstock and catalytic agent, the proportion of methanol to oil, the circumstances of the reaction and the product segregation and purification processes. Elements that influence the yield and standard of the obtained biodiesel encompass the form and quantity of the feedstock and reaction catalyst, the proportion of alcohol to feedstock, the temperature of the reaction, and its duration. Contemporary research has evaluated the output of biodiesel reactors in terms of energy production and timely biodiesel manufacture. In order to synthesise biodiesel for industrial use efficaciously, it is essential to acknowledge the technological advances that have significant potential in this sector. The current paper therefore offers a review of contemporary progress, feedstock categorisation, and catalytic agents for the manufacture of biodiesel and production reactors, together with modernised processing techniques. The production reactor, form of catalyst, methods of synthesis, and feedstock standards are additionally subjects of discourse so as to detail a comprehensive setting pertaining to the chemical process. Numerous studies are ongoing in order to develop increasingly efficacious techniques for biodiesel manufacture; these acknowledge the use of solid catalytic agents and non-catalytic supercritical events. This review appraises the contemporary situation with respect to biodiesel production in a range of contexts. The spectrum of techniques for the efficacious manufacture of biodiesel encompasses production catalysed by homogeneous or heterogeneous enzymes or promoted by microwave or ultrasonic technologies. A description of the difficulties to be surmounted going forward in the sector is presented.

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Synthesis and characterization of zirconia based solid acid catalysts for biodiesel production

Cited by 2 publications

References 171 publications

SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTER FROM CHICKEN FAT USING ZnO/SiO2 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACID ETHYL ESTER FROM CHICKEN FAT USING ZnO/SiO2 HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

A Short Review on Catalyst, Feedstock, Modernised Process, Current State and Challenges on Biodiesel Production

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