Abstract:Yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. The crystallinity, morphological and optical properties of the YSZ nanoparticles were studied by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), FT-Raman, photoluminescence (PL) spectrum analyses. The grain size and crystal structure of the YSZ was confirmed by XRD. SEM and TEM analyses showed that the synthesized samples were composed of the size of nanomet… Show more
“…By modifying the pH and temperature of the solution nucleation and growth mechanisms can be controlled. Although it is a low-cost method, broad particle size distribution and grain agglomeration are unavoidable [[13], [14], [15]]. Hydrothermal treatment involves an initial co-precipitation, followed by heat treatment at high temperatures to obtain an anhydrous crystalline powder.…”
Section: Factors Affecting Strength and Aging Resistance Of Monolithimentioning
New zirconia compositions with optimized esthetic properties have emerged due to the fast-growing technology in zirconia manufacturing. However, the large variety of commercial products and synthesis routes, make impossible to include all of them under the general term of “monolithic zirconia ceramics”. Ultra- or high translucent monolithic formulations contain 3–8 mol% yttria, which results in materials with completely different structure, optical and mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to provide an update to the current knowledge concerning monolithic zirconia and to review factors related to strength and aging resistance. Factors such as composition, coloring procedures, sintering method and temperature, may affect both strength and aging resistance to a more or less extend. A significant reduction of mechanical properties has been correlated to high translucent zirconia formualtions while regarding aging resistance, the findings are contradictory, necessitating more and thorough investigation. Despite the obvious advantages of contemporary monolithic zirconia ceramics, further scientific evidence is required that will eventually lead to the appropriate laboratory and clinical guidelines for their use. Until then, a safe suggestion should be to utilize high-strength partially-stabilized zirconia for posterior or long span restorations and fully-stabilized ultra-translucent zirconia for anterior single crowns and short span fixed partial dentures.
“…By modifying the pH and temperature of the solution nucleation and growth mechanisms can be controlled. Although it is a low-cost method, broad particle size distribution and grain agglomeration are unavoidable [[13], [14], [15]]. Hydrothermal treatment involves an initial co-precipitation, followed by heat treatment at high temperatures to obtain an anhydrous crystalline powder.…”
Section: Factors Affecting Strength and Aging Resistance Of Monolithimentioning
New zirconia compositions with optimized esthetic properties have emerged due to the fast-growing technology in zirconia manufacturing. However, the large variety of commercial products and synthesis routes, make impossible to include all of them under the general term of “monolithic zirconia ceramics”. Ultra- or high translucent monolithic formulations contain 3–8 mol% yttria, which results in materials with completely different structure, optical and mechanical properties. The purpose of this study was to provide an update to the current knowledge concerning monolithic zirconia and to review factors related to strength and aging resistance. Factors such as composition, coloring procedures, sintering method and temperature, may affect both strength and aging resistance to a more or less extend. A significant reduction of mechanical properties has been correlated to high translucent zirconia formualtions while regarding aging resistance, the findings are contradictory, necessitating more and thorough investigation. Despite the obvious advantages of contemporary monolithic zirconia ceramics, further scientific evidence is required that will eventually lead to the appropriate laboratory and clinical guidelines for their use. Until then, a safe suggestion should be to utilize high-strength partially-stabilized zirconia for posterior or long span restorations and fully-stabilized ultra-translucent zirconia for anterior single crowns and short span fixed partial dentures.
“…Another anomalous property of zirconia-based materials is their high strength and low thermal conductivity, and some of the zirconium-oxide-containing ceramics can conduct oxygen ions [8][9][10][11][12]. Because of these properties, the zirconium-oxide-based materials are regarded as prominent materials compared to alumina ceramics [13,14]. Due to its high-temperature resistance, ZrO 2 is used as filler in intumescent flame retardant coatings (IFRCs) [15][16][17].…”
Zirconia (ZrO2)-based flame retardant coatings were synthesized through the process of grinding, mixing, and curing. The flame retardant coatings reinforced with zirconia nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) were prepared at four different formulation levels marked by F0 (without adding ZrO2 NPs), F1 (1% w/w ZrO2 NPs), F2 (2% w/w ZrO2 NPs), and F3 (3% w/w ZrO2 NPs) in combination with epoxy resin, ammonium polyphosphate, boric acid, chitosan, and melamine. The prepared formulated coatings were characterized by flammability tests, combustion tests, and thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, char residues were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the controlled sample filled with functionalized ZrO2 NPs was observed to decrease dramatically with increasing functionalized ZrO2 NPs loadings. There was an increase in the limit of oxygen index (LOI) value with the increase in the weight percentage of ZrO2 NPs. The UL-94V data clearly revealed a V-1 rating for the F0 sample; however, with the addition of ZrO2 NPs, the samples showed enhanced properties with a V-0 rating. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that addition of ZrO2 NPs Improved composite coating thermal stability at 800 °C by forming high residual char. The results obtained here reveal that the addition of ZrO2 NPs in the formulated coatings has shown the excellent impact as flame retardant coatings.
“…Increase in temperature results in increasing value of dielectric constant, which attribute to the onset of dipole in the composite system that create a suitable path for migration of ions. Additionally, it indicates the space charge polarization near interfaces of grain boundary [37], which results in large dielectric constant value of composite material at high temperatures [38].Fig. 7aTemperature dependent dielectric constant at 1 M Hz for the C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , and C 4 composite solid electrolyte.…”
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