Synthesis and characterization of vinylimidazole-co-trifluoroethylmethacrylate-co-divinylbenzene anion-exchange membrane for all-vanadium redox flow battery

Anion exchange membranes based on long side-chain quaternary ammonium-functionalized poly(arylene piperidinium)s for vanadium redox flow batteries

“…Recently, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) based on quaternary ammonium (QA)-grafted polymers (including polysulfone [19][20][21], poly(arylene ether sulfone) [22][23][24][25], poly(arylene ether ketone) [26,27], cardo-polyetherketone [28], poly(fluorenyl ether) (PFE) [29][30][31] and poly(arylene ether benzonitrile) [32]) and imidazolium-functionalized polymers (such as poly(vinylimidazole) [33,34], poly(phenylene oxide) [35][36][37] and poly(arylene ether ketone) [38]) have been adopted for VRFB applications. Like sulfonated poly(arylene ether)-type membranes, most AEMs are derived from hydrocarbon-based backbones, which are relatively cheap compared with Nafion.…”

Preparation and properties of polybenzimidazole/quaternized poly(1-vinylimidazole) cross-linked blend membranes for vanadium redox flow battery applications

“…Furthermore, the cell assembled with OPBI/QPVI(3:7)-CL exhibited higher discharge capacity retention (69.7%, 80 mA cm −2 ) after 150 cycles than those reported in literature (e.g. 47.1% at 40 mA cm −2 over 150 cycles of the cell assembled with an anion exchange membrane, 49 52% at 60 mA cm −2 after 120 cycles of the cell assembled with a proton exchange membrane 41 ). After 300 cycles, the discharge capacity retention of OPBI/QPVI(3:7)-CL still reached 41.4%.…”

A new lateral method for characterizing the electrical conductivity of ion-exchange membranes

“…According to Eq. (20) the difference between the logarithm κ m , AC and that of κ m , DC is then approximately equal to -0.69f 2 . From results shown in Fig.…”

“…Normal measurements performed in both AC and DC modes were reported in the literature. In AC mode, the most used techniques are (i) the difference method in which the membrane resistance is obtained from the difference between the cell resistance measured with and without the membrane [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24], and (ii) the contact-mercury method [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. The difference method does not allow characterizing IEMs in too dilute solutions since it becomes highly inaccurate as the solution resistance increases too much with respect to that of the membrane (in most reported works measurements were performed with electrolyte concentrations higher than ~0.01 M).…”