Synthesis and characterization of undoped and cobalt-doped TiO2 nanoparticles via sol–gel technique

Abstract

TiO 2 nanoparticles doped with different concentrations of cobalt (4, 8, 12 and 16 %) were synthesized by sol-gel method at room temperature with appropriate reactants. In general, TiO 2 can exist in anatase, rutile, and brookite phases. In this present study, we used titanium tetra iso propoxide and 2-propanol as a common starting materials and the obtained products were calcined at 500°C and 800°C to get anatase and rutile phases, respectively. The crystalline sizes of the doped and undoped TiO 2 nanoparticles were observed with X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The functional groups of the samples were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From UV-VIS diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), the band gap energy and excitation wavelength of doped and undoped TiO 2 nanoparticles were identified. The defect oriented emissions were seen from photoluminescence (PL) study. The spherical uniform size distribution of particles and elements present in the samples was determined using two different techniques viz., scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectrometer (EDX) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency was also found and the obtained result was compared with potassium di hydrogen phosphate (KDP).

Kinetics, Thermodynamics, and Modeling of Amido Black Dye Photodegradation in Water Using Co/TiO2 Nanoparticles

“…It is apparent from this figure that titanium oxide is in anatase form. The spectrum obtained resembled that of the earlier studies , confirming the validity of the results. In virgin TiO 2 , the peaks appeared at 26, 40, 50, 55, 60, 64, 73, and 2 θ values with different intensities.…”

Synthesis of visible light-responsive cobalt-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with tunable optical band gap

“…In the literature, such band narrowing was also observed by several other groups [28,[41][42][43]. In most of the cases, when dopant concentration is too high, the band gap either remains unaltered or increases with dopant concentration [44][45][46]. This is either due to the formation of …”

Synergistic Effects of Phosphorus and Cobalt Binary Doping on Visible Light Activity of TiO2 by Sol-Gel Method and Evaluation of Photocatalytic Efficiency

“…2d) of cobalt 2p3/2 and cobalt 2p1/2 peaks are located at binding energies of 782.52 eV and 801.448 eV respectively, which indicated that, a shift towards positive value due to phosphorus doping. These peaks confirms the presence of cobalt in TiO2 lattice as Co 2+ oxidation state as a substitutional dopant occupying the Ti 4+ site in TiO2 lattice [41,42]. From the Fig.…”