Synthesis and characterization of Ti–Mn and Ti–Fe codoped Li3V2(PO4)3 as cathode material for lithium ion batteries

Influences of neodymium doping on magnetic and electrochemical properties of Li3V2(PO4)3/C synthesized via a sol–gel method

“…All XPS spectra of V2p (insets of Fig. 3(aed)) have two peaks, which is due to the spin-orbit coupling [14]. The major peak at 517.57 eV can be assigned to V2p 3/2 , showing that the oxidation states of V in the pristine and Nd-doped samples are þ3.…”

Synergetic effect of Na-doping and carbon coating on the electrochemical performances of Li3−xNaxV2(PO4)3/C as cathode for lithium-ion batteries

“…On the other hand, various metallic cations are chosen to substitute the V-site or Li-site in Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 phase. [29][30][31][32][33][34] In the case of V-site substitution, although the bulk electronic conductivity of Li 3 -V 2Ày M y (PO 4 ) 3 is enhanced, the potential plateaus become more slopping because of the different electrochemical activities between V 3+ and other metallic cations (Ti 4+ , Zr 4+ , Cr 3+ , Mg 2+ , Co 2+ , et. al.).…”

Gadolinium/chloride co-doping of lithium vanadium phosphate cathodes for lithium-ion batteries

“…As a result, Li + batteries are viewed as crucial power sources in a wide variety of applications like electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles [1][2][3][4][5]. Tremendous effort has been dedicated to the development of novel materials with great safety and excellent electrochemical performance for use in Li + batteries [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”