Synthesis and characterization of thermo-sensitive semi-IPN hydrogels based on poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone) macromer, N-isopropylacrylamide, and sodium alginate
“…In addition to grafting PNIPAm on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), PNIPAm hydrogels also play an important role in cell sheet engineering [14][15][16][17]. However, chemically cross-linked PNIPAm hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, which limit their applications [18].…”
“…In addition to grafting PNIPAm on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS), PNIPAm hydrogels also play an important role in cell sheet engineering [14][15][16][17]. However, chemically cross-linked PNIPAm hydrogels have poor mechanical properties, which limit their applications [18].…”
“…Therefore, to solve these problems, the PNIPAAm based hydrogels have been modified to be more versatile materials by incorporating other suitable materials. Incorporating more hydrophilic moieties such as itaconic acid (IA) into PNIPAAm hydrogel network, generally introduce pH sensitivity and increase the phase transition temperature [10,15]. Polysaccharides are gaining increasing interest as components of biocompatible and biodegradable stimuliresponsive drug delivery systems, particularly because they can be obtained in a well-characterized and reproducible way from the natural sources [16][17][18][19].…”
A novel approach is presented for the synthesis of thermoresponsive and pH-sensitive magnetic nanohydrogels by using the biodegradable starch-maleate as a crosslinker and magnetic nanoparticles stabilizer. Chemically modified starch-maleate produces highly stable Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanopaticles (MNPs) aqueous dispersion. Then, N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) and itaconic acid (IA) are successfully polymerized from the vinyl double bonds of the starch-maleate-MNPs to prepare the thermo-and pH-responsive magnetic nanohydrogels. The obtained PNIPAAm-g-(starch-MNPs) and (PNIPAAm-co-IA)-g-(starch-MNPs) nanohydrogels are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, thermal gravimetric analysis, and vibrating sample magnetometer. Also, pH-and temperature-responsive behaviors of the synthesized magnetic nanohydrogels are investigated and, finally, the cytotoxicity and drug loading are examined with mitoxantrone (MTX) as an anticancer drug model. The results confirm the low toxicity and enhanced anticancer effect of MTX-loaded magnetic nanohydrogels.
“…An example of this includes control of alginate gel concentration in a specified area when thermoresponsive polymers such as N-isopropylacrylamide and poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEG-PCL) serve as interpenetrating networks and prevent alginate gelation until certain temperatures are achieved [67].…”
Because of their potential to regenerate tissues and organs, stem cells garner extensive interest worldwide for treating a wide range of degenerative diseases. In numerous efforts, a variety of stem cell formats have been considered for therapeutic purposes to combat such pathologies, one being vascular-related diseases. In particular, the prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) has steadily increased with the growth of the aging population in many first-world countries. Considering this disturbing trend as well as the obesity epidemic and the ballooning population growth in third-world nations, the burden of PAD is expected to increase worldwide to alarming levels in the coming decades. The advent of stem cell treatments could stymie this burden by alleviating the complications and improving upon the less-than-satisfactory outcomes from current standard-of-care surgical/pharmacological interventions for PAD. This chapter reviews the relevant, cutting-edge clinical and animal model research efforts in the field and explores the remaining questions as they pertain to convergence technologies that may provide the potential for stem cells to reverse PAD-induced tissue damage. Harnessing and translating this potential to create more viable and efficacious PAD treatments should be of paramount global and public health concern.
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