Synthesis and characterization of tanninsulfonic acid doped polyaniline–metal oxide nanocomposites

Abstract

Composites of conducting polymers and metal oxides have a potential role in electronic devices because of their enhanced physical and electronic properties. An in situ synthesis of metal oxide nanocomposites of polyaniline (PANI) and tanninsulfonic acid doped PANI was carried out at À10 C with two different ratios of aniline to sodium persulfate (oxidant) and the simultaneous incorporation of TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and ZnO nanopowders. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analysis, spectroscopy, and electrical conductivity measurements. XRD and thermogravimetric analysis con-firmed the presence of the metal oxide in the final product, whereas the spectroscopic characterization revealed interactions among the tannin, metal oxides, and PANI. The electrical properties were determined by four-pointprobe bulk conductivity measurements. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 124: 3320-3328, 2012

Ammonia Gas Sensing Behavior of Tanninsulfonic Acid Doped Polyaniline-TiO2 Composite

“…The synthesis was carried out at −10 °C in the presence of isopropyl alcohol in order to prevent the reaction contents from freezing. Details of the synthetic procedure have been published elsewhere [ 22 ]. The as synthesized TANIPANI and TANIPANI-TiO 2 composite was undoped by stirring in 0.1 M NH 4 OH solution, followed by filtration and washing with deionized water, and then stored under vacuum until dry.…”

“…Potential dopants for PANI include camphor sulfonic acid, p -toluene sulfonic acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, tanninsulfonic acid, ligninsulfonic acid, etc. Among these dopants, tanninsulfonic and ligninsulfonic acid-doped PANI were found to exhibit enhanced chemical stability and thermal degradation properties and have performed as better anti-corrosion materials [ 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

“…Tannins and lignins are plant based renewable resources abundantly available in nature and can be effectively utilized to complex metal oxides due to the o -catechol moieties in their chemical structure [ 25 ]. Grafting of tannins and lignins to PANI has already been established in the literature [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], and in this preparation, tannin is effective in bringing the PANI and metal oxides together. In our previous report, grafting tannin to polyaniline and the interaction of tannins and metal oxides with polyaniline has been discussed in detail [ 22 , 23 , 26 ].…”

“…Grafting of tannins and lignins to PANI has already been established in the literature [ 22 , 23 , 24 ], and in this preparation, tannin is effective in bringing the PANI and metal oxides together. In our previous report, grafting tannin to polyaniline and the interaction of tannins and metal oxides with polyaniline has been discussed in detail [ 22 , 23 , 26 ]. Electronic properties of PANI are found to be influenced by the presence of metal oxides.…”

“…Preparation of ex situ blends may be easier but in situ polymer-metal oxide composites have been found to exhibit stronger interactions between the composite components [ 22 , 43 ]. In the present work, composites of tanninsulfonic acid doped polyaniline-TiO 2 (TANIPANI-TiO 2 -50%) have been prepared by an in situ synthesis technique.…”