Synthesis and Characterization of Surface Modified Fullerene

Mechanical, flow and electrical properties of thermoplastic polyurethane/fullerene composites: Effect of surface modification of fullerene

“…The pristine fullerene is coded as C 60 . Chemical oxidation of fullerene was carried out by using similar methods employed by Toppare et al [26] and others [27,28]. 1.6 g of C 60 was refluxed at 120 0 C with 70 ml concentrated HNO 3 solution for 48 hours.…”

Biodiesel production direct from high acid value oil with a novel magnetic carbonaceous acid

“…Because, AC has properties like its surface oxides [17], reducibility [18], and stability in both acidic and basic media [19], as well as its structural resemblance to graphite [20], fullerenes [21] and nanotubes [22] to support ASO 3 H well. However, the separation of AC-SO 3 H catalyst needs filtration or centrifugation [23] that is energy and time consuming.…”

Sulfonated fullerene in SPEEK matrix and its impact on the membrane electrolyte properties in direct methanol fuel cells

“…2. For pristine fullerene, the bands observed at 1180 cm -1 , 1430 cm -1 and in the lower region are due to the characteristic peaks of pentagons and hexagons [36,42]. Whereas for sulfonated fullerene, symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations of O=S=O from sulfonic acid (-SO 3 H) group are observed between 1090 and 1392 cm -1 respectively.…”

“…Fullerene is functionalized with sulfonic acid groups for better dispersion in polymer matrix and also to improve proton conductivity. Surface modification of the pristine fullerene is quite difficult due to the inertness and the absence of reactive groups on the surface [36]. So prior to sulfonation, fullerene is oxidized with nitric acid and sulphuric acid for reactive groups such as carboxylic (-COOH) and…”

“…Oxidation of Fullerene was carried out using 6 M H 2 SO 4 and HNO 3 (1:1 ratio) at 130 °C for 8 h as reported in literature [36], to activate the surface for further functionalization.…”