Synthesis and characterization of single- and co-doped SnO2 thin films for optoelectronic applications

Saadeddin, Iyad; Pecquenard, Brigitte; Manaud, J.P.; Decourt, Rodolphe; Labrugère, Christine; Buffeteau, Thierry; Campet, G.

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.11.049

Cited by 147 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Most studies in this area have focused on electrochemical migration and analysis of passive tin films. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Some researchers have studied the corrosion behaviors of solder alloys with compositions of SnZn-X, Sn-In-Ag, and Sn-Zn-Ag-Al-XGa, but few have studied the corrosion properties of Sn-Ag-Cu. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] In this research, deionized water was used as the corrosion solution, and the formation mechanism of tin(II) oxide crystals on the surfaces of Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi solder joints was studied and compared with that for the traditional eutectic Sn-Pb solder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Tin(II) Oxide Crystals on Lead-Free Solder Joints in Deionized Water

Chang

Chen

et al. 2009

Journal of Elec Materi

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The effect of the anode and cathode on the electrochemical corrosion behavior of lead-free Sn-Ag-Cu and Sn-Ag-Cu-Bi solder joints in deionized water was investigated. Corrosion studies indicate that SnO crystals were generated on the surfaces of all lead-free solder joints. The constituents of the lead-free solder alloys, such as Ag, Cu, and Bi, did not affect the corrosion reaction significantly. In contrast to lead-free solders, PbO x was formed on the surface of the traditional 63Sn-37Pb solder joint in deionized water. A cathode, such as Au or Cu, was necessary for the electrochemical corrosion reaction of solders to occur. The corrosion reaction rate decreased with reduction of the cathode area. The formation mechanism of SnO crystals was essentially a galvanic cell reaction. The anodic reaction of Sn in the lead-free solder joints occurred through solvation by water molecules to form hydrated cations. In the cathodic reaction, oxygen dissolved in the deionized water captures electrons and is deoxidized to hydroxyl at the Au or Cu cathode. By diffusion, the anodic reaction product Sn 2+ and the cathodic reaction product OH À meet to form Sn(OH) 2 , some of which can dehydrate to form more stable SnOAExH 2 O crystals on the surface of the solder joints. In addition, thermodynamic analysis confirms that the Sn corrosion reaction could occur spontaneously.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of Tin(II) Oxide Crystals on Lead-Free Solder Joints in Deionized Water

Chang

Chen

et al. 2009

Journal of Elec Materi

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“…They are widely used for flat panel display, organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaic applications [1][2][3]. Among these TCOs, cadmium oxide (CdO), doped zinc oxide (ZnO), tin oxide (SnO 2 ) and indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) are used as n-type transparent conducting oxides, while silver doped In 2 O 3, doped ZnO, CuAlO 2 and SrCu 2 O 2 are used as ptype transparent conducting oxides [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. In particular, CdO is been considered a promising material for photovoltaic applications due to its high electrical conductivity and optical transmittance in the visible region of solar spectrum [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of highly conducting and transparent Al doped CdO thin films by pulsed laser deposition

Gupta

Ghosh

Patel

et al. 2009

Current Applied Physics

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“…For example, the inclusion of Sb 5+ (r = 0.60 Å ) results in carrier generation, while Sb 3+ (r ¼ 0.76 Å ) would result in creation of acceptor states. In fact, the presence of Sb 3+ is shown in bulk and thin film SnO 2 :Sb samples by XPS measurements [22].…”

Section: Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 98%

Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on Tin Oxide

Kykyneshi

Jian-ping²,

Cann³

2010

Handbook of Transparent Conductors

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Tin oxide (SnO 2 ) is an important and widely used wide band-gap semiconductor and is part of a family of binary transparent conducting oxides (TCO), such as Snand ZnO-doped In 2 O 3 (ITO, ZIO) [1] and ZnO:Al [2], CdO. It is of great interest in corrosive environment applications due to its high stability. This includes applications such as batteries, low emission windows coatings, solar cells, etc. In this chapter we will introduce the structural, electrical and optical properties of undoped and doped tin oxides. In addition, thin films via various deposition methods are discussed. Crystal StructureTin oxide (SnO 2 ) occurs in nature as the mineral Cassiterite. It possesses the rutile crystal structure with a tetragonal unit cell (P4 2 /mnm) and a ¼ b ¼ 4. 738 Å and c ¼ 3.188 Å [3]. Many other metal dioxides share this structure such as TiO 2 , PbO 2 , TaO 2 , TeO 2 , and RuO 2 . The crystal lattice of SnO 2 is shown in Fig. 6.1a, where the sixfold coordination of the Sn atoms to the oxygen nearest neighbors can be observed.The formal atom positions in RX 2 are described as:R : ð2aÞ 000; 1 = 2 1 = 2 1 = 2 X : ð4fÞ AE uu0; u þ 1 = 2 ; 1 = 2 À u; 1 = 2 ð Þ

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Synthesis and characterization of single- and co-doped SnO2 thin films for optoelectronic applications

Cited by 147 publications

References 32 publications

Generation of Tin(II) Oxide Crystals on Lead-Free Solder Joints in Deionized Water

Generation of Tin(II) Oxide Crystals on Lead-Free Solder Joints in Deionized Water

Preparation and characterization of highly conducting and transparent Al doped CdO thin films by pulsed laser deposition

Transparent Conducting Oxides Based on Tin Oxide

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