Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles from Ethanolic Extracts of Leaves of Annona muricata: A Green Nanobiotechnology Approach

Abstract

Introduction: The biological green synthesis of nanoparticles via nanobiotechnology processes have a significant potential to boost nanoparticles production without the use of harsh, toxic, and expensive chemicals commonly used in conventional physical and chemical processes. Annona muricata, a tropical plant belonging to family Annonaceae is one of the most used plants in folk medicine because of its many medicinal uses and therefore presents a strong candidate for use in green synthesis.
 Aims: The aim of this study was to optimize a method for the synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) from ethanolic extracts of leaves of Annona muricata as well as to characterize the green synthesized AgNPs.
 Methodology: AgNPs were synthesized from Annona muricata leaves using AgNO3 solution. The AgNPs were characterized using spectroscopy and microscopy techniques.
 Results: The formed AgNPs had an absorption maximum at 429 nm using UV–Visible spectroscopy and were stable under different pH, temperature, and storage conditions. Fourier transform infrared analysis revealed the different functional groups responsible for the synthesis and stabilization of the AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a spherical nature of the synthesized AgNPs. Energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy analysis showed presence of Ag, O, and Cl with Ag having the highest composition at 60%. X-Ray Diffraction and Dynamic Light Scattering revealed a crystalline nature of AgNPs with an average size of 87.36 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.16 respectively. Transmission Electron Microscopy analysis further confirmed the crystalline and spherical nature of the AgNPs.
 Conclusion: In this article, an efficient, eco-friendly and low-cost method for the synthesis and recovery of stable AgNPs using Annona muricata leaves ethanolic extracts as both a reducing and capping agent has been reported for the first time. The synthesized AgNPs could be promising candidates for many biomedical, clinical, engineering, and polymer applications.

effect and characterizations of silver nanoparticles on biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from UTIs patients

“…The FTIR analysis in this study indicated the involvement of carboxyl, amino, amides groups and polyphenols in the synthesized green AgNPs. It is well known that there are amino acid, polyphenols, and protein in tea, the tea extract's organic compounds could assign to the reduction of AgNO3 and the stabilization of AgNPs by the surface bound by the organic compounds (41).This result was very close to Gavamukulya et al, (42). That included the functional groups responsible for AgNPs formation; alkenyl, alcohol groups, carboxylic acids, amides, and polyphenols.…”

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Annona muricata Extract as an Inducer of Apoptosis in Cancer Cells and Inhibitor for NLRP3 Inflammasome via Enhanced Autophagy

“…The synthesis of AgNPs was performed using the green synthesis method that was previously prepared by Gavamukulya et al [30] after applying slight modifications. Aliquots of 9 mL of 2 mM silver nitrate were added to 1 mL A. muricata peel extract and following incubation for 8 h at RT, the bioreduction of AgNO 3 was achieved.…”

Annona muricata silver nanoparticles exhibit strong anticancer activities against cervical and prostate adenocarcinomas through regulation of CASP9 and the CXCL1/CXCR2 genes axis

“…Previously prepared and characterized AgNPs from ethanolic extracts of fruits (AgNPs-F) and leaves (AgNPs-L) of Annona muricata were used for the study [46][47][48]. AgNPs-F used had an absorption maximum at 427 nm and were stable under different pH, Temperature and storage conditions.…”

“…To improve efficacy and bioavailability of plant derived medicinal products, green nanobiotechnology has been widely advocated for because of the various beneficial properties of nanosystems in delivery of bioactive components to target sites which conventional herbal treatments cannot meet [44,45]. In line with the above, this study employed previously green synthesized AgNPs from ethanolic extracts of fruits and leaves of Annona muricata [46][47][48] to study their anticancer activities on different cancer cell lines. It specifically involved exploring the in vitro anticancer activities of the AgNPs as well as studying their effects on expression of Caspase 9 (CASP9), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1(CXCL1) and C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) genes in cervical and prostate cancer cell lines.…”