Synthesis and characterization of robust double-networks based on end-linked, pH-responsive first networks

Kitiri, Elina N.; Rikkou-Kalourkoti, Maria; Sophocleous, Manolia; Patrickios, Costas S.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.02.002

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…In the stressstrain curves of the single network under GO concentration 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL and 8 mg/mL, all the curves show yieldinglike behaviour, which indicates the damage of the first network before the macroscopic fracture of the whole double network 31 ; moreover, for the pure alginate gel and double network, the hydrogels do not have such yielding behaviour, indicating that GAD had no fracture strain and fracture strength in the compression test 32 . Kitiri et al 31 compared the property of double network of different first network, and found the lack of charge in the first network may result in a random coil configuration, which would lead to a greater deformability in compression. The Young's modulus of the pure alginate hydrogel is 0.29 MPa, and those of the GAS and GAD are 0.93 MPa and 2.14 MPa respectively under a GO concentration of 8 mg/mL.…”

Section: Swelling and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alginate/graphene double-network nanocomposite hydrogel beads with low-swelling, enhanced mechanical properties, and enhanced adsorption capacity

et al. 2016

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As a novel material, double network hydrogel has attracted great attention in recent years for its excellent mechanical properties; however, several other characteristics are yet to be improved. Here we report on the synthesis of a novel alginate/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) double-network (GAD) hydrogel through a facile method, and investigate the GAD's mechanical properties, stability, and adsorption capacity compared with alginate/RGO single network hydrogel (GAS). To produce the GAD, the first network of alginate is formed with randomly distributed graphene oxide (GO), resulting in the GAS; then the GAS is treated by a hydrothermal reduction, through which the GO is reduced and selfassembles into a second RGO network interpentrating with the first, alginate network, forming the double network GAD. The mechanism of the GAD formation is investigated and the property differences between GAS and GAD are examined. The resulting GAD exhibits a higher Young's modulus than GAS, and the modulus increases with GO concentrations. The GAD also has a lower swelling ratio than GAS, which leads to improved gel stability in highly concentrated alkali/salt solutions. The GAD beads exhibit an excellent adsorption capacity (Cu 2+ ,169.5 mg/g and Cr2O7 2-,72.5 mg/g) for heavy metal ions, far better than that of GAS. Even after 10 regeneration cycles, both GAS and GAD can still retain their considerable adsorption capacity for metals. Results of this work are of great significance to double network gel research, especially for environmental applications. With good stability, adsorption capacity, and regeneration ability, the double network gel could be a promising adsorbent nanomaterial for pollutant removal from aqueous solutions.We designed and prepared a novel alginate/reduced graphene oxide double-network hydrogel through a facile method, and investigated the mechanical properties, stability and adsorption capacity compared to an alginate/reduced graphene oxide single network.

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Section: Swelling and Mechanical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alginate/graphene double-network nanocomposite hydrogel beads with low-swelling, enhanced mechanical properties, and enhanced adsorption capacity

et al. 2016

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“…For instance, a variation of pH is observed between tumor and healthy tissue, which can be employed to specifically deliver therapeutic agents. Liu and co-workers have successfully functionalized graphene with a triblock copolymer to yield nanocomposites for the delivery of therapeutic molecules via a response in pH [13], while Patrickios' team have designed pH-responsive double networks [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-responsive polymers

Boyer

Hoogenboom

2015

European Polymer Journal

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“…Generally, hydrogels have weak mechanical strength and poor toughness especially in their swollen state . Therefore, many approaches have been attempted to obtain sufficient mechanical properties of hydrogels which include the formation of hybrid hydrogels, semi‐interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels, double network (DN) hydrogels and nanocomposite hydrogels . Among the various approaches, the synthesis of DN hydrogels has gained remarkable attention to improve the strength of hydrogels in which one network acts as a reinforcing factor to the other, thus improving the strength properties of the hydrogels …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of multifunctional high strength, highly swellable, stretchable and self‐healable pH‐responsive ionic double network hydrogels

Dixit

Bag

Sharma

et al. 2018

Polymer International

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The multifunctional double network (DN) soft hydrogels reported here are highly swellable and stretchable pH‐responsive smart hydrogel materials with sufficient strength and self‐healing properties. Such multifunctional hydrogels are achieved using double crosslinking structures with multiple physical and chemical crosslinks. They consist of a copolymer network of acrylamide (AM) and sodium acrylate (Na‐AA) and other reversible network of poly(vinyl alcohol)–borax complex. They were characterized by Fourier transform IR analysis and studied for their hydrogen bonding and ionic interaction. The degree of equilibrium swelling was observed to be as high as 5959% (at pH 7.0) for a hydrogel with AM/Na‐AA = 25/75 wt% in the network (GS‐6 sample). The highest degree of swelling was observed to be 6494% at pH 8.5. The maximum tensile strength was measured to be 1670, 580 and 130 kPa for a DN hydrogel (GS‐2 sample: AM/Na‐AA =75/25 wt% with 20, 40 and 60 wt% water content, respectively). The self‐healing efficiency was estimated to be 69% for such a hydrogel. These multifunctional DN hydrogels with amalgamation of many functional properties are unique in hydrogel materials and such materials may find applications in sensors, actuators, smart windows and biomedical applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

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Synthesis and characterization of robust double-networks based on end-linked, pH-responsive first networks

Cited by 12 publications

References 123 publications

Alginate/graphene double-network nanocomposite hydrogel beads with low-swelling, enhanced mechanical properties, and enhanced adsorption capacity

Alginate/graphene double-network nanocomposite hydrogel beads with low-swelling, enhanced mechanical properties, and enhanced adsorption capacity

Multi-responsive polymers

Synthesis of multifunctional high strength, highly swellable, stretchable and self‐healable pH‐responsive ionic double network hydrogels

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