Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Minitha, Cherukutty Ramakrishnan

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.678.56

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Formation of GO with a low I D / I G ratio is standard and has been reported in previous studies. 40–42 The composite nanofiber in the present study was also prepared through a high voltage electrospinning process. The formation of a stable Taylor cone, which is suggested for producing good nanofibers, was controlled by the applied voltage and flow rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naproxen release behaviour from graphene oxide/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naproxen release behaviour from graphene oxide/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers

et al. 2022

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“…Defects associated to an intense D band can be related to several features: the presence of edges in small crystals, deviations from planarity, the presence of a certain number of carbon atoms with sp 3 hybridization, etc. 23 These spectra show that this sample presents other two bands at 2716.3 and 2953.9 cm −1 . The bands correspond to D+G (2953.9 cm −1 ), a combination scattering peak 24,25 and a second order overtone of a different in-plane vibration (2716.3 cm −1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive vs Faradaic Energy Storage in a Hybrid Cell with LiFePO₄/RGO Positive Electrode and Nanocarbon Negative Electrode

Cabán-Huertas

Dubal

Ayyad

et al. 2016

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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We report an advanced device based on a Nitrogen-doped Carbon Nanopipes (N-CNP) negative electrode and a lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) positive electrode. We carefully balanced the cell composition (charge balance) and suppressed the initial irreversible capacity of the anode in the round of few cycles. We demonstrated an optimal performance in terms of specific capacity 170 mAh/g of LiFePO 4 with energy density of about 203 Wh kg −1 and a stable operation for over 100 charge−discharge cycles. Lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are presently struggling to meet very demanding standards in terms of cost, charge/discharge rate, power and energy densities, and safety in order to enter new emerging markets such as those of electric vehicles and the storage of renewable electrical energy. 1Batteries exhibit relatively high energy densities as a result of faradaic reactions in the bulk of active particles, but are rate-limited. A remarkable example of a well-known material that undergoes a redox process during the battery charge and discharge process is Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ). After two decades of the seminal work by Goodenough and col., 2 LiFePO 4 has been established as one of the most widely used positive electrode materials for LIBs thanks to its low cost, abundant raw materials, safety, low toxicity, structural stability and excellent electrochemical properties. The active material can be reversibly charged and discharged with a stable voltage of 3.45 V vs Li + /Li with a very small change in unit cell parameters during the LiFePO 4 /FePO 4 phase transition. On the other hand, for the development of high power batteries based on this material, it is essential to understand and overcome the factors limiting lithium transport through the electrode. Indeed, despite its relatively high theoretical specific capacity (170 mAh/g) and long cycling life, the high-rate performance of pure LiFePO 4 is restricted by its poor electronic conductivity (10 −9 S/cm) and slow lithium diffusion. 3 Many different approaches involving surface coating have been tried to improve the capacity and rate performance of LiFePO 4 as cathode for LIBs. Increasing the conductivity by coating the LiFePO 4 surface with carbon 4,5 or conducting polymers 6,7 have been two of the most popular. In comparison to these carbon materials, graphene can offer an improved interfacial contact because of its superior conductivity, flexible two-dimensional structure, and high surface area. 8 However, due to the thermodynamic instable structure of graphene, it tends to aggregate. Among various graphene derivatives, reduced Graphene Oxide is more polar and hydrophilic than graphene and better conducting that Graphene Oxide and therefore constitutes an optimal choice among graphenes. A critical issue of LIBs technology is the relatively low theoretical specific capacity of conventional graphite anodes, limited to 372 mAh/g. 9 * Electrochemical Society Student Member. z E-mail: pedro.gomez@icn2.cat Electrochemical capacitors 10 can deliver high power at ...

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“…The choice of the reduction method is influenced by factors such as C/O ratio of end product, selectivity in removal of either −OH, −COOH or C-O-C functionalities, choice of reducing agent, surface defect reduction and improvement in chemical and physical properties [85]. The chemical method is the most explored routes to rGO and it involves treating GO suspension with reducing agents such as hydrazine [86][87][88], ascorbic acid [89][90][91][92], sodium borohydride [93][94][95][96] and sodium hypophosphite monohydrate [97,98]. In a report by Luo, et al [99], the reduction of GO by N 2 H 4 •H 2 O, NaBH 4 , NaOH, solvothermal, high-temperature, and a two-step method combining NaBH 4 and high temperature was comparatively studied using four criteria: degree of reduction, level of defect repair, dispersibility, and electrical conductivity.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Graphene Oxide and Reduced Graphene Oxidementioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene-Based Composites as Catalysts for the Degradation of Pharmaceuticals

Olatunde

Onwudiwe

2021

IJERPH

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The incessant release of pharmaceuticals into the aquatic environment continues to be a subject of increasing concern. This is because of the growing demand for potable water sources and the potential health hazards which these pollutants pose to aquatic animals and humans. The inability of conventional water treatment systems to remove these compounds creates the need for new treatment systems in order to deal with these class of compounds. This review focuses on advanced oxidation processes that employ graphene-based composites as catalysts for the degradation of pharmaceuticals. These composites have been identified to possess enhanced catalytic activity due to increased surface area and reduced charge carrier recombination. The techniques employed in synthesizing these composites have been explored and five different advanced oxidation processes—direct degradation process, chemical oxidation process, photocatalysis, electrocatalyis processes and sonocatalytic/sono-photocatalytic processes—have been studied in terms of their enhanced catalytic activity. Finally, a comparative analysis of the processes that employ graphene-based composites was done in terms of process efficiency, reaction rate, mineralization efficiency and time required to achieve 90% degradation.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Naproxen release behaviour from graphene oxide/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers

Naproxen release behaviour from graphene oxide/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers

Capacitive vs Faradaic Energy Storage in a Hybrid Cell with LiFePO₄/RGO Positive Electrode and Nanocarbon Negative Electrode

Graphene-Based Composites as Catalysts for the Degradation of Pharmaceuticals

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Synthesis and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Cited by 50 publications

References 11 publications

Naproxen release behaviour from graphene oxide/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers

Naproxen release behaviour from graphene oxide/cellulose acetate composite nanofibers

Capacitive vs Faradaic Energy Storage in a Hybrid Cell with LiFePO4/RGO Positive Electrode and Nanocarbon Negative Electrode

Graphene-Based Composites as Catalysts for the Degradation of Pharmaceuticals

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Capacitive vs Faradaic Energy Storage in a Hybrid Cell with LiFePO₄/RGO Positive Electrode and Nanocarbon Negative Electrode