Synthesis and Characterization of Polymaleimide

Abstract

Simplified syntheses of polymaleimide employing anionic polymerization (from the melt and from solution) and metal compound-alcohol initiators such as PbO, SnO, tin bis(2-ethyl hexanoate) in the presence of tert-butyl benzyl alcohol are presented. The resulting polymers contain a combination of C-N-and C-C-connected monomers. Preliminary structures of the polymers were determined using NMR spectroscopy. The ratio of C-N-and C-C-connected monomers was determined, and the percentage of C-N-connected monomer units was found to vary from 40 to 80%, with the higher percentage resulting from anionic polymerization. The molecular weights of the polymers, as determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) with aqueous mobile phase and sodium polyacrylates standards, ranged between 1100 and 4200 for anionic polymerization and were about 11 500 for metal oxide-alcohol initiated polymerization. Solution-phase properties of the polymaleimides were evaluated by calcium chelation and precipitation inhibition studies. On the basis of the measured properties of these polymers, they are proposed as biodegradable, low-impact detergent additives to substitute currently used compounds.

Carbonate biomineralization induced by soil bacterium Bacillus megaterium

“…On the other hand, numerous previous studies (e.g. Agarwal et al, 2003;Lakshminarayanan et al, 2003) have demonstrated that vaterite can form in the presence of macro organic molecules such as PVA (poly vinyl-alcohol) and PAA (poly acrylic-acid) that are rich in hydroxyl and carboxyl groups. It is highly possible that hydroxyl and carboxyl rich compounds are available in the supernatant solutions because B. megaterium can produce plenty of EPS, which is known to contain compounds rich in hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups (see Omoike and Chorover, 2004).…”

Synthesis and Polymerization of Several New Maleimides Linked to Schiff Bases and Their Copolymers with Acrylonitrile

“…In the first step 3-(N-maleimidyl)benzoic acid which was prepared by reaction of 3-amino benzoic acid with maleic anhydride in glacial acetic acid was used as starting material that introduced in acid-catalyzed esterification reaction with ethanol producing compound1(1) which inturn was introduced in reaction with hydrazine hydrate producing hydrazide (2). Introducing of compound (2) in acid catalyzed condensation reaction [19] with different aldehydes and ketones in the third step produced several new maleimide monomers (3-7) substituted with Schiff base moieties at meta-position.…”

“…Polymaleimides represent a class of rigid polymers having excellent thermal stability, high mechanical and electrical properties beside good chemical resistance [1][2][3]. In spite of all these properties, poor solubility and processability limit the applications of polyimides [4][5][6].…”

A Simple and Practical Solvent-Free Preparation of Polymaleimide

“…For example, PMAI was used by Ganjadhara et al to prepare nonlinear optical materials as liquid crystals to improve their thermal properties [ 1 ]. Generally, PMAI is synthesized by two approaches: one is homopolymerization of maleimide by free radical or anionic polymerization [ 2 , 3 ]. The other is thermolysis [ 4 ] or hydrolysis [ 5 ] of substituted maleimide homopolymers.…”