Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) precursors and potential degradation products: Toxicity study and application in discovery of novel PETases

Djapovic, Milica; Milivojević, Dušan; Ilić-Tomič, Tatjana; Lješević, Marija; Nikolaivits, Efstratios; Maslak, Veselin; Nikodinovic-Runic, Jasmina

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130005

Cited by 47 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…The coding sequence of LCCv was codon optimized for expression in E. coli and cloned into pET26b(+) vector (GenScript Biotech B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands). The expression and purification of the recombinant protein was performed as described previously [ 34 ]. The purity of the resulting enzymatic preparation was checked on SDS-PAGE electrophoresis (12.5% ( w/v )), and protein concentration was determined by measuring the absorbance at 280 nm based on the calculated molar extinction coefficient.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressing Ultragreen, Energy-Efficient Biobased Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Microwave-Assisted Green Deep Eutectic Solvent and Enzymatic Treatment

Attallah

Azeem²,

Nikolaivits

et al. 2021

Polymers

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Effective interfacing of energy-efficient and biobased technologies presents an all-green route to achieving continuous circular production, utilization, and reproduction of plastics. Here, we show combined ultragreen chemical and biocatalytic depolymerization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based low-energy microwave (MW) treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. DESs are emerging as attractive sustainable catalysts due to their low toxicity, biodegradability, and unique biological compatibility. A green DES with triplet composition of choline chloride, glycerol, and urea was selected for PET depolymerization under MW irradiation without the use of additional depolymerization agents. Treatment conditions were studied using Box-Behnken design (BBD) with respect to MW irradiation time, MW power, and volume of DES. Under the optimized conditions of 20 mL DES volume, 260 W MW power, and 3 min MW time, a significant increase in the carbonyl index and PET percentage weight loss was observed. The combined MW-assisted DES depolymerization and enzymatic hydrolysis of the treated PET residue using LCC variant ICCG resulted in a total monomer conversion of ≈16% (w/w) in the form of terephthalic acid, mono-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate, and bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) terephthalate. Such high monomer conversion in comparison to enzymatically hydrolyzed virgin PET (1.56% (w/w)) could be attributed to the recognized depolymerization effect of the selected DES MW treatment process. Hence, MW-assisted DES technology proved itself as an efficient process for boosting the biodepolymerization of PET in an ultrafast and eco-friendly manner.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressing Ultragreen, Energy-Efficient Biobased Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Microwave-Assisted Green Deep Eutectic Solvent and Enzymatic Treatment

Attallah

Azeem²,

Nikolaivits

et al. 2021

Polymers

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“…Monomers of PET such as BHET, TPA and EG can be obtained via enzymatic treatments ( Yoshida et al, 2016 ; Carniel et al, 2017 ), glycolysis ( Imran et al, 2010 ), or alkaline hydrolysis ( Karayannidis et al, 2002 ). Recently a wider selection of PET-related building blocks has been synthetized and characterized ( Djapovic et al, 2021 ). The only industrially relevant bio-process was achieved by Tournier et al employing enzymatic degradation of waste PET bottles and obtaining 16.7 g/L/h of terephthalate that was subsequently used for the synthesis of virgin polymers ( Tournier et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Valorization Of Monomers and Other Plastics Degradation Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressing Plastics Circularity: A Review of Mechano-Biocatalytic Approaches for Waste Plastic (Re)valorization

Nikolaivits

Pantelic

Azeem

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…PET, as a polyester, is more resistant to biodegradation due to its ester bond group compared to other polymers. Several new studies on PET biodegradation by microbes, i.e., bacteria and their enzyme systems have been reported [2,[56][57][58]. A plethora of literature is available on the bacterial enzyme-assisted degradation of PET [56][57][58].…”

Section: Hazardous Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several new studies on PET biodegradation by microbes, i.e., bacteria and their enzyme systems have been reported [2,[56][57][58]. A plethora of literature is available on the bacterial enzyme-assisted degradation of PET [56][57][58]. However, little is published about fungal enzyme-mediated PET degradation.…”

Section: Hazardous Additivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation

Ahmaditabatabaei

Kyazze

Iqbal

et al. 2021

JoF

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The ubiquitous persistence of plastic waste in diverse forms and different environmental matrices is one of the main challenges that modern societies are facing at present. The exponential utilization and recalcitrance of synthetic plastics, including polyethylene terephthalate (PET), results in their extensive accumulation, which is a significant threat to the ecosystem. The growing amount of plastic waste ending up in landfills and oceans is alarming due to its possible adverse effects on biota. Thus, there is an urgent need to mitigate plastic waste to tackle the environmental crisis of plastic pollution. With regards to PET, there is a plethora of literature on the transportation route, ingestion, environmental fate, amount, and the adverse ecological and human health effects. Several studies have described the deployment of various microbial enzymes with much focus on bacterial-enzyme mediated removal and remediation of PET. However, there is a lack of consolidated studies on the exploitation of fungal enzymes for PET degradation. Herein, an effort has been made to cover this literature gap by spotlighting the fungi and their unique enzymes, e.g., esterases, lipases, and cutinases. These fungal enzymes have emerged as candidates for the development of biocatalytic PET degradation processes. The first half of this review is focused on fungal biocatalysts involved in the degradation of PET. The latter half explains three main aspects: (1) catalytic mechanism of PET hydrolysis in the presence of cutinases as a model fungal enzyme, (2) limitations hindering enzymatic PET biodegradation, and (3) strategies for enhancement of enzymatic PET biodegradation.

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Synthesis and characterization of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) precursors and potential degradation products: Toxicity study and application in discovery of novel PETases

Cited by 47 publications

References 78 publications

Progressing Ultragreen, Energy-Efficient Biobased Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Microwave-Assisted Green Deep Eutectic Solvent and Enzymatic Treatment

Progressing Ultragreen, Energy-Efficient Biobased Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) via Microwave-Assisted Green Deep Eutectic Solvent and Enzymatic Treatment

Progressing Plastics Circularity: A Review of Mechano-Biocatalytic Approaches for Waste Plastic (Re)valorization

Fungal Enzymes as Catalytic Tools for Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Degradation

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