Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-Polystyrene for Photovoltaic Application

Gu, Zhijie; Tan, Ying; Tsuchiya, Kousuke; Shimomura, Takeshi; Oginö, Kazuhíde

doi:10.3390/polym3010558

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Highly regioregular P3HTs (˃99%) with the molecular weights ( M n P3HT ) of 7150, 21 000, and 48 800 g mol −1 and the polydispersity index (PDI) ranged in 1.21–1.25 were synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization . The P3HT‐ b ‐PEG 750 , P3HT‐ b ‐PMMA 497 , and P3HT‐ b ‐PS 519 rod‐coil block copolymers with PDI of 1.28–1.35 were synthesized with Suzuki coupling and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) . The written index after the second block (coily oligomer) stood for the molecular weight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Quality Nano/Micro Hairy Single Crystals Developed from Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐Based Conductive–Dielectric Block Copolymers Having Flat‐on and Edge‐on Orientations

Zenoozi

Agbolaghi

Gheybi

et al. 2017

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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Highly uniform and conductive single crystals of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)‐based homo and block copolymers with the end coily blocks of polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and poly(ethylene glycol) are developed using self‐seeding method from varied quality solvents. Edge‐on and flat‐on orientations are detected depending on the thickness and width of single crystals. Coily blocks are excluded from the P3HT crystalline structures, leading to brush‐like or hairy regions on surface of grown single crystals in the longitude of P3HT chains. The larger single crystals possessing flat‐on orientation are obtained from weaker solvents at higher seeding temperatures. The longer P3HT chains are folded, however, the shorter backbones are laminated on each other. The highest backbone lamination occurs for homo‐P3HT7150 (Mn of P3HT = 7150 g mol−1) single crystals grown at 20 °C from anisole, the weakest employed solvent. In contract, highly ordered and folded hairy single crystals are acquired from better solvents and high molecular weight P3HTs. In these conditions, the crystallographic features of the hairy block copolymer single crystals are similar to those of nonhairy homo‐P3HT ones. The coily brush‐covered P3HT48 800 single crystals have more foldings compared to the homo‐P3HT48 800 ones, whereas only two laminated backbones in shorter P3HT blocks are detected.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Quality Nano/Micro Hairy Single Crystals Developed from Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐Based Conductive–Dielectric Block Copolymers Having Flat‐on and Edge‐on Orientations

Zenoozi

Agbolaghi

Gheybi

et al. 2017

Macro Chemistry & Physics

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“…2‐Bromo‐7‐nitro‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene ( 3 ) and 2‐amino‐7‐bromo‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene ( 4 ) were synthesized according to the literature with slight modification in reaction conditions . 2‐Bromo‐9,9‐dioctylfluorene ( 2 ), 2,2′‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐9 H ‐fluoren‐2,7‐diyl)bis(4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaborolane) ( 7 ), 2,5‐dibromo‐3‐octylthiophene ( 8 ), 4,4‐dioctyl‐4 H ‐cyclopenta[1,2‐ b :3,4‐ b ′]dithiophene ( 10 ) and 4,7‐bis(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[ c ]‐1,2,5‐thiadiazole ( 11 ) were synthesized in accordance with literature procedures without any modification in reaction conditions …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and photovoltaic device studies of azo‐linked low‐bandgap polymers

Meena

Alam

Dutta

et al. 2016

Polymer International

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We report the synthesis of a series of new polymers containing azo linkage as a part of the main chain. The monomer 1,2‐bis(7‐bromo‐9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)diazene was synthesized using a precursor approach which avoids non‐selective bromination and was copolymerized with various donor or acceptor units. The homopolymer poly[1,2‐bis(9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)diazene] (P1) as well as the copolymers poly[1‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2‐(9,9,9′,9′‐tetraoctyl‐9H,9′H‐[2,2′‐bifluoren]‐7‐yl)diazene] (P2), poly[1‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐7‐(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)diazene] (P3) and poly[4‐(7‐((9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)diazenyl)‐9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (P4) were synthesized by Suzuki polymerization. The copolymers poly[1‐(7‐(4,4‐dioctyl‐4H‐cyclopenta[1,2‐b:5,4‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐2‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)diazene] (P5) and poly[4‐(5‐(7‐((9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)diazenyl)‐9,9‐dioctyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐7‐(4‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (P6) were synthesized by direct arylation polymerization reaction. Polymers synthesized using the direct arylation method show good molecular weight, with absorption maxima in the range 500 to 532 nm. P5 and P6 possess low optical bandgaps of 1.81 and 1.86 eV, respectively. A power conversion efficiency of 0.53% with open circuit voltage of 0.53 V, short circuit current density of 3.1 mA cm−2 and fill factor of 29% has been achieved with C71‐PCBM as acceptor in bulk heterojunction solar cells fabricated with P5 as donor. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…However, this may not be as stable as a fully conjugated donor-acceptor block copolymer system due to the migration and movement of PCBM through the polymer film. For example, recent work has shown that the complete diffusion of PCBM through amorphous P3HT (100-nm thick film) takes place within $5 s at 150 C. 217 The work of Gu et al 218 provides an example of a block copolymer and PCBM system. Here, they synthesized a P3HT-block-PS copolymer and added PCBM to make devices that had a maximum optimized device efficiency of 1.93% after thermally annealing the layer.…”

Section: Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

Topham¹,

Parnell²,

Hiorns³

2011

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

186

169

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A simple overview of the methods used and the expected benefits of block copolymers in organic photovoltaic devices is given in this review. The description of the photovoltaic process makes it clear how the detailed self-assembly properties of block copolymers can be exploited. Organic photovoltaic technology, an inexpensive, clean and renewable energy source, is an extremely promising option for replacing fossil fuels. It is expected to deliver printable devices processed on flexible substrates using high-volume techniques. Such devices, however, currently lack the long-term stability and efficiency to allow organic photovoltaics to surpass current technologies. Block copolymers are envisaged to help overcome these obstacles because of their long term structural stability and their solid-state morphology being of the appropriate dimensions to efficiently perform charge collection and transfer to electrodes.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(3-hexylthiophene)-b-Polystyrene for Photovoltaic Application

Cited by 36 publications

References 28 publications

High‐Quality Nano/Micro Hairy Single Crystals Developed from Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐Based Conductive–Dielectric Block Copolymers Having Flat‐on and Edge‐on Orientations

High‐Quality Nano/Micro Hairy Single Crystals Developed from Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)‐Based Conductive–Dielectric Block Copolymers Having Flat‐on and Edge‐on Orientations

Synthesis and photovoltaic device studies of azo‐linked low‐bandgap polymers

Block copolymer strategies for solar cell technology

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