“…Therefore, several strategies have been developed to shift the optical sensitivity of TiO 2 from UV to the visible-light region for the efficient use of solar energy, such as element doping, metal deposition, surface sensitization, and coupling of composite semiconductors [8][9][10][11] . Recently, co-doped titania with double non-metal 12,13 , metal-nonmetal elements [14][15][16][17] and double metal ions 18 have been attracted more attention, which could further improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 . Among these, co-doping with transition metal and nonmetal elements such as Fe-N, V-N and W-C could effectively modify the electronic structures of TiO 2 and shift its absorption edge to a low energy 16 .…”