Abstract:In this study, pH-sensitive hydrogel microspheres consisted of acrylamide (AAm) and acrylic acid (AA) monomers, and silica nanoparticles (SNPs) were synthesized via inverse suspension polymerization. To find a proper formulation for synthesis of these microspheres, design of experiment was performed using the input parameters, such as stirring rate, AA/AAm ratio, and the amount of SNP content. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs indicated that mean size of the microspheres decreased by increasing the stir… Show more
“…Experimental setup of hydrogel injection process is explained in the work of Jamali et al 60 and illustrated in Fig. 1 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hydrogel solution namely, poly(acrylamide‐co‐methylenebisacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) was prepared with concentration of 1000 ppm and homogenized with an ultrasonic probe with power of 30 kW for 15 min. Micromodel tests were designed for injection of hydrogel with optimum formulation based on the work of Jamali et al 60 in which the mixer round was 443.5 rpm, AAcid/AAm wt.% was 62%, and Si nano-particle content was 0.25%. Figure 1 Schematic of hydrogel injection process 60 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Micromodel tests were designed for injection of hydrogel with optimum formulation based on the work of Jamali et al 60 in which the mixer round was 443.5 rpm, AAcid/AAm wt.% was 62%, and Si nano-particle content was 0.25%. Figure 1 Schematic of hydrogel injection process 60 . …”
Hydrogels are increasingly applied in oil recovery processes. This leads to more controlled flow of fluids in porous media. In this process, hydrogel is injected to the reservoir to block the high permeability areas. The trapped oil in low permeability regions, is then swept by water flooding. pH‐sensitive hydrogel microspheres were synthesized in another work of the authors, which effectively increased the oil recovery factor in experimental studies. In this communication, phase-field approach was used to simulate this process and to obtain the tuning parameters of the model including thickness of the contact surface (є), phase transform parameter (M0), and excess free energy (∧). Diffusion of hydrogels was studied by Cahn–Hilliard conservative approach and the breakage, deformation, and plugging mechanisms were analyzed, based on pressure drop variations in micromodel. Moreover, Effective parameters on oil recovery factor were analyzed. Results indicated a good agreement between experimental and modeling studies of oil recovery factor in water and hydrogel flooding with absolute errors of 2.29% and 4.06%, respectively. The recovery factor was calculated using a statistical method which was in good agreement with the modeling results. The tuned parameters of the model were reported as, є = 111.7 µm, M0 = 5 × 10−13 m3/s, $$\wedge = - 0.0003$$
∧
=
-
0.0003
J/m3.
“…Experimental setup of hydrogel injection process is explained in the work of Jamali et al 60 and illustrated in Fig. 1 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The hydrogel solution namely, poly(acrylamide‐co‐methylenebisacrylamide‐co‐acrylic acid) was prepared with concentration of 1000 ppm and homogenized with an ultrasonic probe with power of 30 kW for 15 min. Micromodel tests were designed for injection of hydrogel with optimum formulation based on the work of Jamali et al 60 in which the mixer round was 443.5 rpm, AAcid/AAm wt.% was 62%, and Si nano-particle content was 0.25%. Figure 1 Schematic of hydrogel injection process 60 .…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Micromodel tests were designed for injection of hydrogel with optimum formulation based on the work of Jamali et al 60 in which the mixer round was 443.5 rpm, AAcid/AAm wt.% was 62%, and Si nano-particle content was 0.25%. Figure 1 Schematic of hydrogel injection process 60 . …”
Hydrogels are increasingly applied in oil recovery processes. This leads to more controlled flow of fluids in porous media. In this process, hydrogel is injected to the reservoir to block the high permeability areas. The trapped oil in low permeability regions, is then swept by water flooding. pH‐sensitive hydrogel microspheres were synthesized in another work of the authors, which effectively increased the oil recovery factor in experimental studies. In this communication, phase-field approach was used to simulate this process and to obtain the tuning parameters of the model including thickness of the contact surface (є), phase transform parameter (M0), and excess free energy (∧). Diffusion of hydrogels was studied by Cahn–Hilliard conservative approach and the breakage, deformation, and plugging mechanisms were analyzed, based on pressure drop variations in micromodel. Moreover, Effective parameters on oil recovery factor were analyzed. Results indicated a good agreement between experimental and modeling studies of oil recovery factor in water and hydrogel flooding with absolute errors of 2.29% and 4.06%, respectively. The recovery factor was calculated using a statistical method which was in good agreement with the modeling results. The tuned parameters of the model were reported as, є = 111.7 µm, M0 = 5 × 10−13 m3/s, $$\wedge = - 0.0003$$
∧
=
-
0.0003
J/m3.
“…Recently, pH-sensitive poly (acrylamide-co-methylenebisacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) hydrogel microspheres immobilizing silica nanoparticles have been synthesized by reverse suspension polymerization. The prepared hybridized polymeric composite exhibited a significant improvement in the swelling property as a function of the change in pH and showed a 23% increase in the oil recovery factor [125]. Even so, additional advanced studies should be done to determine whether these different polymers could be used effectively for enhanced oil recovery [126].…”
Section: Superabsorbent Polymer Composites For Enhanced Oil Recoverymentioning
Academic research regarding polymeric materials has been of great interest. Likewise, polymer industries are considered as the most familiar petrochemical industries. Despite the valuable and continuous advancements in various polymeric material technologies over the last century, many varieties and advances related to the field of polymer science and engineering still promise a great potential for exciting new applications. Research, development, and industrial support have been the key factors behind the great progress in the field of polymer applications. This work provides insight into the recent energy applications of polymers, including energy storage and production. The study of polymeric materials in the field of enhanced oil recovery and water treatment technologies will be presented and evaluated. In addition, in this review, we wish to emphasize the great importance of various functional polymers as effective adsorbents of organic pollutants from industrial wastewater. Furthermore, recent advances in biomedical applications are reviewed and discussed.
“…Temperature is one of the most significant parameters in the swelling behavior. It has been revealed that the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter is reliant on temperature, affecting the swelling behavior [28]. To assess the influence of temperature on the swelling process of the amphiphilic semi-IPN hydrogels, the swelling experiments were undertaken at a variety of temperatures (i.e., 25, 50, and 75 °C) and pH values.…”
Section: Effect Of Temperature On the Swelling Processmentioning
The aim of this study was to synthesize amphiphilic semi-IPN hydrogels based on acrylic acid (AA) and chitosan (CS) using AIBN as an initiator and N,N'methylene bis acrylamide as a crosslinking agent. The swelling behavior of the hydrogels was evaluated at a variety of pH values, temperature, salinity of media and time, and the swelling mechanism was investigated using Fickian diffusion and Schott's 2 nd -order-kinetics models. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the synthesis of AA/CS hydrogel. The swelling results showed that in the acidic media, as the CS content increase the hydrogel swelling ratio reduce. It was found that the maximum swelling ratio (8550%) is attained for the sample HAC2 with AA/CS ratio of 1:0.001 in the alkaline pH. It also revealed that the absorption capacity is directly dependent on the temperature and inversely related to the salt concentration. Besides, the absorption capacity of the synthesized hydrogels in the saline solution of Na 2 SO 4 was higher than NaCl.
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