Synthesis and Characterization of Oxime Derivatives and their Some Transition Metal Complexes with Thiadiazole Groups: Biological Activities, and Molecular Docking Studies of the Ligands

Abstract

This study involved the synthesis and investigation of the anticancer and antioxidant capabilities of six newly developed ligands generated from 1,3,4‐thiadiazole and diphenyl ether keto oxime which has never been synthesized before, together with their transition metal complexes. The obtained ligands were characterized using elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Polymeric complexes of the obtained ligands were synthesized by reacting all ligands with MCl2.nH2O (M: Mn2+/Co2+)/Ni2+/Cu2+)) salts. The polymeric complexes′ structures were determined using elemental analysis, ICP‐AES, FTIR spectroscopy, UV‐vis spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. Subsequently, the ligands were examined for their anticancer properties. To achieve this objective, the HT‐22 cell line, which consists of healthy mouse hippocampus neuronal cells, is utilized as the control group. Additionally, the MCF7 (breast cancer), MDA‐MB‐231 (breast cancer), C6 (rat glioma), HT‐29 (colon cancer), and A549 (lung carcinoma) cell lines are employed in cell culture research as representatives of cancerous cell lines. Based on the cell culture investigations, some of the synthesized ligands showed moderate to good anti‐cancer activity, especially for both colon cancer and brain tumors. Finally, a molecular docking analysis was conducted utilizing MOE software to ascertain the binding affinity between the synthesized ligands and the specific proteins of interest.