Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Oxo-Bridged Dinuclear and Hydroxo-Bridged Trinuclear Chromium(III) Assemblies

Harton, Anthony; Terrell, Katisha; Huffman, John C.; Macdonald, C.G.; Beatty, Alicia M.; Li, Sichu; O’Connor, Charles J.; Vincent, John B.

doi:10.1021/ic961247t

Cited by 38 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Recently, FAB and EI mass spectrometry have found essential applications in structure elucidation of various mono-and polynuclear chromium complexes [23,28,[53][54][55]. Although the present data cannot unambigously delineate the proposed bridged structures of the binuclear and trinuclear complexes; in the absence of any 3D crystal structure, the magnetic measurements and the following FAB/EI mass spectral data supply substantial corroboration.…”

Section: Nature Of the Products And Mass Spectrasupporting

confidence: 50%

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Structural and magnetic studies on mono- and polynuclear chromium ascorbate complexes

Zümreoǧlu‐Karan

Ünaleroğlu

et al. 2005

Transition Met Chem

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Polynuclear chromium ascorbate complexes were isolated and physicochemically analyzed in a comparative manner with their mononuclear analog (1). Characterization by elemental analysis, electronic, vibrational, 13 C-n.m.r and mass spectroscopies, and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility studies, allowed structural proposals for the binuclear, [Cr 2 (l-OH) 2 (H 2 O)(C 6 H 7 O 6 ) 3 (OH)] AE 4H 2 O (2), and trinuclear, [Cr 3 (l-O) 3 (H 2 O) 6 (C 6 H 7 O 6 ) 3 ] AE 4 H 2 O (3) complexes. The pseudo-octahedral Cr III centers were suggested to be connected through hydroxo bridges in (2) and in (3) by oxo bridges forming a hexocyclic ring.

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Section: Nature Of the Products And Mass Spectrasupporting

confidence: 50%

“…glucose tolerance factor, 'GTF', an organic Cr III containing complex isolated from brewer's yeast [20,21], ii. low-molecular weight chromium binding substance 'LMWCr', or as recently termed 'chromodulin', isolated from mammals [22][23][24][25] and iii. the collagen-binding chromium species in the tanning process [26][27][28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and magnetic studies on mono- and polynuclear chromium ascorbate complexes

Zümreoǧlu‐Karan

Ünaleroğlu

et al. 2005

Transition Met Chem

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“…The existence of a multinuclear Cr(III) carboxylate assembly in an active biomolecule has spurred an interest in the synthesis and characterization of multinuclear oxo(hydroxo)-bridged chromium(III) carboxylate assemblies [11,12,13,14]. Well-characterized, watersoluble assemblies have been tested for the ability to stimulate the insulin receptor's tyrosine kinase ability in a fashion similar to chromodulin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The biomimetic [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ decreases plasma insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides in healthy and type II diabetic rats but not type I diabetic rats

et al. 2002

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The in vivo effects of administration of the synthetic, functional biomimetic cation [Cr(3)O(O(2)CCH(2)CH(3))(6)(H(2)O)(3)](+) to healthy and type I and type II diabetic model rats are described. In contrast to current chromium-containing nutrition supplements, which only serve as sources of absorbable chromium, the trinuclear cation has been shown in in vitro assays to interact with the insulin receptor, activating its kinase activity, presumably by trapping the receptor in its active conformation. Thus, treatment of rats with the trinuclear cation would be expected to result in changes in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism related to insulin action. After 24 weeks of intravenous administration (0-20 micro g Cr/kg body mass), the cation results in a concentration-dependent lowering of levels of fasting blood plasma LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin and of 2-h plasma insulin and glucose levels after a glucose challenge; these results confirm a previous 12-week study examining the effect of the synthetic cation on healthy rats and are in stark contrast to those of administration of other forms of Cr(III) to rats, which have no effect on these parameters. The cation has little, if any, effect on rats with STZ-induced diabetes (a type I diabetes model). However, Zucker obese rats (a model of the early stages of type II diabetes) after 24 weeks of supplementation (20 micro g/kg) have lower fasting plasma total, HDL, and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin levels and lower 2-h plasma insulin levels. The lowering of plasma insulin concentrations with little effect on glucose concentrations suggests that the supplement increases insulin sensitivity.

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“…To further complicate matters the currently accepted biological form of chromium(III) was isolated through a reaction of tissue with chromium(VI) [7,14,15]. This has brought forward many concerns regarding the validity of LMWCr as the biological form of chromium and the justification of a million dollar chromium(III) supplement business [16][17][18]. Regardless if LMWCr is specifically produced for glucose metabolism or not, reports show that many chromium(III) compounds, including LMWCr, do aid in glucose metabolism and weight reduction [18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of a novel chromium(III) binding protein from bovine liver tissue after chromium(VI) exposure

Peterson¹,

Banker²,

Garcia³

et al. 2008

Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry

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In the ongoing investigation into the biological importance and toxicity issues surrounding the bioinorganic chemistry of chromium, the accepted literature procedure for the isolation of the biological form of chromium, low molecular weight chromium binding protein (LMWCr) or chromodulin, was investigated for its specificity. When chromium(VI) is added to bovine liver homogenate, results presented here indicate at least four chromium(III) binding peptides and proteins are produced and that the process is non-specific for the isolation of LMWCr. A novel trivalent chromium containing protein (1) has been isolated to purity and initial characterization is reported here. Chromium(III) identification was determined by optical spectroscopy and diphenylcarbazide testing. This chromium binding protein has a molecular weight of 15.6 kDa, which was determined from both gel-electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. The protein is comprised primarily of Asx, Glx, His, Gly/Thr, Ala, and Lys in a 1.00:2.51:0.37:2.09:0.39:1.17 ratio and is anionic at pH 7.4. In addition, the protein binds approximately 2.5 chromium(III) ions per molecule.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Oxo-Bridged Dinuclear and Hydroxo-Bridged Trinuclear Chromium(III) Assemblies

Cited by 38 publications

References 47 publications

Structural and magnetic studies on mono- and polynuclear chromium ascorbate complexes

Structural and magnetic studies on mono- and polynuclear chromium ascorbate complexes

The biomimetic [Cr3O(O2CCH2CH3)6(H2O)3]+ decreases plasma insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides in healthy and type II diabetic rats but not type I diabetic rats

Isolation of a novel chromium(III) binding protein from bovine liver tissue after chromium(VI) exposure

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